【作者】 谢兴华；

【导师】 李晓杰；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 工程力学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 本文是关于含锂离子纳米氧化物的爆炸合成、表征与应用研究；其次，设计了用于锂离子电池和提锂离子筛的无机粉体材料制备的专用含水炸药，并计算了爆轰参数。锂复合氧化物粉是非常重要的多孔材料。由于它们独特的隧道结构和良好的性能，这些材料作为工业原料被广泛用于催化、分离、化学传感器和电池领域。本文发展了新的合成方法来制备神奇的锂锰氧化物(LMO)、锂锌氧化物(LZO)和金属掺杂锂锰氧化物(LMO)材料，以便改进它们的物理和化学性能并改善它们的接触反应使用性能。为了生产纳米以及过渡金属元素掺杂的LMO材料，研究了几种合成方式来优化出更好的、环境友好的、大批量的、高效的和低成本的合成工艺。在合成纳米LMO、锂锌氧化物LZO和金属掺杂LMO材料研究中，采用了爆炸合成与固态燃烧反应结合的方法来制备过渡金属氧化物粉。在这两种方法联合合成纳米粉的研究中，优选了如爆轰压力、爆轰温度和焙烧温度与时间等合成工艺参数。并讨论了这些纳米复合氧化物的微观结构对性能的影响。通过锂离子吸附能力和锂离子电池充放电循环性能实验检验了新合成产品的接触反应活性，实验结果表明：提锂离子筛的锂离子吸附能力和锂离子电池充放电循环性能远高于目前的同类工业产品。讨论了因放热与吸热平衡演变所引发的反应加速(病态爆轰)，最终演化为乳化炸药反应进程中非理想爆轰。尝试用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜直接观察了乳化炸药的微观结构。而且，首次用X射线衍射仪和透射电子显微镜检测炸药爆炸后的灰份用来评判炸药是否发生爆燃。用杜龙—派特(Dulong-Petit)定律估算了单质碳、金属氧化物和液态水的比热。给出了炸药爆炸反应方程式，用热化学数据预测了炸药的爆轰温度。更多还原

【Abstract】 The major part of this research consists of studies on explosion synthesis methods, characterization, and applications of nanoscale oxides with lithium ion. The second part involves studies of design of water-containing explosives and calculation of detonation parameters for inorganic powder materials for lithium ion batteries and lithium ion sieves.Lithium composite oxide powders are very important microporous materials. They have been used widely as bulk materials in catalysis, separations, chemical sensors, and batteries, due to their unique tunnel structures and useful properties. Novel methods have been developed to synthesize novel nanoscale lithium manganese oxides (LMO), lithium zinc oxides (LZO) and metal-substituted LMO materials in order to modify their physical and chemical properties and to improve their catalytic applications. Different synthetic routes were investigated to find better, more sustainable, faster, and cheaper pathways on a batch production to produce nanoscale or metal-substituted LMO materials. In the synthetic study of nanosize LMO, LZO and metal-substituted LMO materials, a combination of explosion synthesis and solid-state combustion reaction was used to prepare transition metallic oxide powders. Preparative parameters of synthesis, such as detonation pressures, detonation temperature, calcinations temperature and time, were investigated in these combination syntheses of nanometer powders. Effect of properties of these nanometer oxides on the microstructure has been discussed. The catalytic activities of the novel synthetic nanoscale products has been evaluated on lithium ion adsorption abilities and circle properties of lithium ion batteries and were found to be much higher than their corresponding bulk materials.The propagation of unideal explosions of emulsion explosives arising reaction steps involving a competition between exothermic and endothermic reactions (pathological detonations) has been discussed. To predict the stability of emulsion explosives, X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) have been used. Furthermore, for the criterion of deflagration, the explosive soot can be distinguished by XRD and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The Dulong-Petit’s law has been also used to predict specific heats for carbon, metallic oxides and liquid phase H20. Temperatures of detonation and explosive formulations are predicted by using thermochemistry information.更多还原