【作者】 乔世范；

【导师】 刘宝琛； 方理刚； 殷建华；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 随着我国工程建设规模的扩大，工程建设的安全问题越来越引起人们的重视。目前工程安全评价不仅要从岩体强度的角度去分析岩体的稳定性或失稳的概率大小及其相应的安全开采措施，还应对周边的重要工业设施、建筑设施等的影响进行评价，否则可能会造成巨大的经济损失。本文在前人研究的基础上，指出了目前岩体应力破坏判据的不足之处及应变破坏判据的优势，提出了随机介质变形破坏判据。同时，利用随机介质理论对地下开挖引起的地表及岩体的移动和变形计算进行了系统的研究。主要研究成果和结论如下：1．提出了随机介质变形破坏判据，该判据不仅可避开复杂的本构关系，与应力水平无直接关系，完全用变形来表示，而且它能够正确的反映岩土体固有的变形特性，能够直接用变形进行稳定性评价。并对地表移动和变形的限值和建筑物的保护等级作了详细阐述，为评价地下开挖引起的环境安全问题提供了依据。2．对随机介质理论作了简介，针对随机介质理论中各个移动及变形计算公式的不可积性，目前大多只用于平面问题的计算中，提出了利用随机介质理论进行地表及岩土体的位移和变形的空间问题计算方法，并以单元开挖为基础，考虑沿倾斜方向深度的变化及开采影响沿岩层法线方向传播的性质，推导出了水平薄层矩形开挖及倾斜薄层矩形开挖引起的地表及岩土体的位移和变形计算的半解析解。3．将随机介质理论及安全判据应用于地下开采工程中，对国内外的采动影响对象保护等级标准作了详细的阐述。基于随机介质理论推导了开采影响下单个剖面上的岩体内部的移动和变形计算公式，考虑了水平剖面及倾斜剖面上的情况及留设煤柱的影响，并对双向非充分开采时岩土体的移动和变形作了一定的探讨。4．推导了倾斜梯形开挖引起的地表及岩体内部的移动和变形计算公式的半解析解；在此基础上推导出了棱台矿柱开挖引起的地表及岩体内部移动和变形计算的半解析解，为煤层的开采及保安矿柱的优化设计提供了理论依据。同时对地表及岩体内部移动基本参数的物理意义及求解方法作了进一步的阐述，并总结了国内外矿山的地表及岩体内部移动基本参数的取值。5．将随机介质安全判据应用于露天开挖工程中，提出了开挖边坡破坏判据及周边环境评价准则，推导了各种情况的边坡开挖及基坑开挖引起的地表及岩土体的移动和变形计算的半解析解。同时，提出了开挖影响效应减小系数的概念，可以考虑边坡或基坑等工程所采用的加固措施对岩土体的位移和变形的影响。6．对隧道开挖引起的地表及岩土体的位移及变形问题作了进一步的研究，推导了隧道轴线水平及轴线倾斜等情况的隧道开挖引起的地表及岩土体的移动和变形的三维计算公式，其中考虑了圆形、圆拱形、椭圆形、椭圆拱形、直墙形、圆拱直墙形及椭圆拱直墙形等各种隧道断面的情况，可用于单孔隧道及多孔隧道开挖的计算。7．编写了计算机程序，以定义各位移和变形函数的方式实现了本论文所推导的所有地表及岩土体的移动和变形的公式的计算。在计算过程中，只需调用相关函数进行计算，可方便的画出计算区域内的任意剖面上的位移和变形曲线，或某个区域上的位移及变形三维图、等值线图等，可方便的找出某个区域内某个变量的最大值或最小值。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of engineering construction in China, the safety ofengineering has become a more and more important issue. Nowadays, in order toestimate an engineering safety, it is essential to analyze not only the stabilizationextent or instable probability of rock mass and the relevant safety measurements fromthe point of rock strength but also the safety of the surroundings. Otherwise, it maybeinduces great economic losses. In the thesis, based on summarizing and absorbing theresearch achievements of the pioneer works and considering the shortage of rockstress failure criterion and the advantage of rock strain failure criterion, thedeformation failure criterion of stochastic medium is put forward. Furthermore, themovement and deformation of ground and rock mass induced by undergroundexcavation are studied systemically with the theory of stochastic medium. The mainresearch work of the dissertation can be summarized as follows:1. The deformation failure criterion of stochastic medium is put forward, whichcan avoid complex constitutive law and can be expressed only with strain. It canreflect the inherence deformation properties of the rock and soil and can be used toestimate engineering safety. In addition, the ultimate value of ground movement anddeformation and the protect level of constructions are expatiated on particularly,which provides bases for estimating the surroundings safety induced by excavation.2. The theory of stochastic medium is introduced briefly. Because the formula ofground movement and deformation can not be integrated, and they are used mostly intwo-dimension problems, computing methods of three-dimension problem for themovement and deformation of ground and rock mass are put forward with the theoryof stochastic medium. Based on the unit excavation, the formula for predicting themovement and deformation of ground and rock mass induced by thin rectangleexcavation are derivated, which consider the changing of excavation depth and thespread of excavation effects along the rock normal direction.3. The deformation failure criterion of stochastic medium is applied in theunderground mining engineering and the protect level of the affecting constructionsare expatiated on in detail. Based on the stochastic medium theory, formula for themovement and deformation of rock mass in a single section plane are derived, whichconsiders the horizontal and inclined section planes and the influence of coal pillar.Furthermore, the movement and deformation of rock mass induced by insufficientmining in the two orthogonal directions are discussed.4. According to the slice method, the formula for predicting movement and deformation of the ground and rock mass induced by inclined trapezium and prismoidcoal pillar excavation are derivated, which provide theoretical bases for the design ofcoal seam mining and coal pillar optimization.5. The deformation failure criterion of stochastic medium is applied in open pitexcavation engineering and the criterion for estimating the surroundings safety isprovided. The formula for predicting movement and deformation of the ground androck mass induced by many kinds of slopes excavation and foundation pit excavationare deduced. The conception of reducing coefficient of excavation effects are putforward, which can be used to study the properties of the slops or pits withreinforcements6. The formula for predicting movement and deformation of the ground and rockmass induced by tunnel excavation are deduced. Many cases are considered, such ashorizontal or inclined axes and many kinds of tunnel section shapes including circle,circular arch, ellipse, ellipse arch, and vertical wall and so on. The formula can beused in the single tunnel and many-hole tunnel.7 The program is developed to compute the movement and deformation of theground and rock mass, in which the functions including the all formula provided inthe thesis are defined. In the process of computing, it is convenient to plot lines onsome section or three-dimension figures in an area with the relevant functions and it iseasy to find the maximum of minimum of some variable.更多还原