【作者】 陈献勇；

【导师】 林木西；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 政治经济学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 民航业的政府规制及其改革在各国的政府规制体系中都具有很强的典型性和代表性,在政府规制问题的研究中居于重要的地位。以美国为代表的发达市场经济国家的规制改革,就是从“开放天空”开始的。中国民航业从1978年开始实行规制改革以来历经20多年,在打破垄断、引入竞争方面取得了一定的成效。但是,我国民航业的规制体制并未确立,即并不存在以矫正和改善市场机制内在问题为目的政府规制,有关“由谁规制、规制什么、规制谁、谁来规制规制者”的问题也并未得到真正解决。改革20多年来,市场经济已经居主导地位,民航却是极少数仍由国家发改委和主管部门计划定价和实行最严厉的价格规制的行业之一,既是迄今为止极少数保留“政企合一”计划经济体制特征的行业之一,又是极少数行政性垄断市场、地区分割市场、阻碍相关产业发展的特殊利益集团之一。另外,在民航业越来越全球化的今天,中国航空公司的国内外竞争力不强,与国际一流航空公司的差距甚大。本文认为,在对民航业以引入竞争、打破垄断为主要内容的放松规制不断推进的今天,对民航业的规制改革不能再是仅仅为了放松规制而放松规制,其改革应转向为在放松规制的前提下,组建新的政府规制体制。只有以强有力的规制体制作保障,才能巩固20多年来民航业在政企分开、引入竞争、打破垄断等领域所取得的改革成果。全文除序言外由4章构成,主要内容如下:序言部分主要交待了论文的选题背景和研究意义、研究思路和方法、论文的结构框架、主要创新点和不足之处。第一章:民航业规制理论综述。主要分为国外文献综述和国内文献综述。国外文献部分综述了民航业的规制理论、民航业的规制改革理论、民航业的再规制理论;国内文献部分综述了中国民航业规制改革的原因和规制改革总体思路的理论。第二章:中国民航业规制改革的现状、问题及成因。本章深入地解析了中国民航业规制改革的现状、规制改革后存在的问题及原因。沿着中国市场经济改革的历史脉络,归纳了中国民航业规制改革的5个阶段,进而与民航业各环节的性质结合分析了对其进行的进入规制、价格规制、接入规制、反垄断规制和社会规制的现状,然后深入地分析了民航业规制改革后依然存在的规制体制、规制体系和规制配套措施等方面存在的问题及造成这些问题的原因。第三章:民航业规制改革的国际经验及启示。分析了美国、英国、日本等发达市场经济国家民航业规制改革的历程和绩效,在此基础上,总结出发达国家规制改革的经验及对我国的启示。第四章:中国民航业深化规制改革的对策。包括完善规制体制、完善规制体系和加快产权制度的改革等,做出了具体而有效的深化我国民航业规制改革的对策建议。总体来看,本论文通过定性分析与定量分析相结合、规范分析与实证分析相结合、逻辑与历史方法的结合等研究方法的运用,总结归纳了中国民航业规制改革的理论基础和国际经验的启示,系统深入地分析了中国民航业规制改革的现状、问题和成因,指出在中国整个经济体制全面实现转轨的大背景下,在国际民航业逐渐全球化的大形势下,从计划经济体制时代“传承”下来的中国民航业运营体制显然无法适应新的制度环境。20多年的规制改革,中国民航业依然存在着经营不善、效率低下、长期亏损等一些问题,为了解决这些问题就必须进一步深化民航业的规制改革,健全规制体制、完善规制体系、加快产权制度改革。更多还原

【Abstract】 The government regulation and the reform of civil aviation industry are very typical and representative in the government regulation system of all countries, which plays an important role in the research of government regulation. Many developed market economy nations’reforms of government regulation taking United States as the example begin from the "open the sky".The Chinese aviation industry started from 1978 to implement the regulation reform has experienced successively for more than 20 years and obtained certain achievements at breaking monopoly and the introduction to competition. However, regulation system of our nation’s aviation industry hasn’t been established, namely nonexistent to correct and improve the inside problems of the market mechanism as the purpose of the government regulation, and also the problems of“who regulates, what should be regulated, and who regulates the regulator”have not actually solved. Having been reformed for more than 20 years, the market economy has already been in predominance position, but the aviation industry is among one of the few industries which practices the severest price rules and regulation and the price is governed by National Development and Planning Committee and other main supervisor departments. Up to now, it is not only one of the rare industries which reserves planned economy system of "the government and industry unite as one", but also fewer government monopoly markets, regional divided markets and one of the special benefits groups that hinder the development of related industry. Moreover, today aviation industry is more and more globalized, but the domestic competition ability of the Chinese airline isn’t strong, and the margin of international top-grade airline is very big.This article believes that, in introducing competition, and the breaking monopoly to the aviation industry today which advances unceasingly for the primary coverage relaxation regulation, cannot again be merely to relax the regulation to the aviation industry for the purpose of relaxing the regulation, and its reform should be changed for setting up the new government regulation system under premise of the relaxation regulation. Only when the powerful regulation system makes the guarantee, it has been able to consolidate the past 20 years’reform achievements for aviation industry in separating government administration from enterprise management, introduction to competition, and breaking monopoly.Besides the preface the full article is constituted of four chapters, primary coverage as follows.The preface part has mainly introduced the selected topic background of the paper and the research significance, the research mentality and the method, the paper structural framing, the main innovation and the deficiency.Chapter one: summary of aviation industry’s regulation theory. It is mainly divided into the overseas literature summary and the domestic literature summary. The overseas literature part summarizes the aviation industry’s regulation theory, aviation industry regulation reform theory, and the re-reform of rules and regulations theory of aviation industry. The domestic literature part summarizes the causes of Chinese aviation industry regulation reform and the regulations reform overall mentality theory.Chapter two: present situation, problems and causes of Chinese aviation industry regulations reform. This chapter has thoroughly analyzes present situation of aviation industry and the problems and the causes after the reform of regulations of Chinese aviation industry. Along the historical vein of China’s market economy reform, this part has induced five stages of Chinese aviation industry regulation reform, and then is combined with the various links of aviation industry. Also it analyzes the present situation of entering regulation, the price regulation, the turning on regulation, the counter-monopoly regulation and the social regulation, and then thoroughly analyzes problems and causes which exist after the reform of aviation industry regulation in the aspects of regulation, regulation system and necessary measures of regulations.Chapter three: International experience and apocalypse of aviation industry’s regulation reform. This paper has analyzed aviation industry regulation reform course and the achievements of the developed market economy country, such as US, England, Japan and etc. In this foundation, it summarizes the experience of developed country regulation reform and the enlightenment to our country.Chapter four: measures to deepening regulation reform of Chinese aviation industry, which includes the consummation regulation system, the consummation regulation system and speeding up the reform of property right system, and it has made concrete and effective measures and suggestions to deepen our country’s aviation industry regulation reform.From the overall perspective, the paper summarizes and induces rationale of Chinese aviation industry regulation reform and the enlightenment of international experience through standard analysis and the real diagnosis analysis; the qualitative analysis and the quantitative analysis, as well as the combination of the logical and historical method research technique. It systemically and thoroughly analyzes the present situation, the problems and the causes of Chinese aviation industry’s regulation reform, and points that under comprehensively switching background of Chinese entire economic system, under the gradual globalization of international aviation industry, the operation system of Chinese aviation industry which developed from planned economy system can not adapt to the new circumstances obviously. During more than 20 year of regulation reforms, the Chinese aviation industry still has some problems such as poor management, low efficiency, the long-term loss and etc. In order to solve these problems we have further to deepen the aviation industry’s regulation reform, perfect regulation system, the consummate regulation system, and speed up the property right system reform.更多还原