【作者】 赵蒙；

【导师】 邹兴淮；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 野生动植物保护与利用， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 根据传统中医、中兽医和中药药理学等理论，本着“君臣佐使”，“辩证施治”，“相生相忌”的法则，使茸鹿机体达到“阴阳平衡”，“以平为期”的目的，以期达到良好的生产性能和免疫机能。将中草药或蓝狐生殖器官（单独组方或与中草药配伍组方）配伍组方，再进行超微粉碎加工，制成微米中草药添加剂，平均粒径为6.5±4.0μm。将不同中草药按不同配伍组成五种试验配方，分别为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ配方，其中Ⅳ为微米中草药和蓝狐生殖器官结合组，Ⅴ为蓝狐生殖器官单独组方。用微米中草药添加剂配方Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ对小鼠进行饲喂试验，无任何毒副作用及不良反应。在此基础上，东北梅花鹿脱盘后—生茸前开始饲喂，锯完二茬茸后停止饲喂。在生茸前期（脱盘后—生茸前）、锯头茬茸、锯二茬茸时采集血样。试验结果如下：1．中草药添加剂配方对鹿茸生产性能影响试验：各配方试验组与对照组间对东北梅花鹿2003年的产茸性能有显著影响，其中平均产茸量最高组为Ⅲ号配方试验组2.32±0.11kg／只，较对照组1.38±0.08kg／只高0.94kg／只。二茬茸影响上，平均产量最高组为Ⅲ号配方试验组0.48±0.03kg／只，较对照组0.32±0.01kg／只增加0.16kg／只。Ⅲ号配方试验组二茬茸二杠率最高组为86.96％，对照组为43.47％。2004、2005年连续2年用Ⅲ号配方进行饲喂，头、二茬茸产量均与对照组间差异显著，2004年头、二茬茸较对照组增加0.89Kg／只和0.16kg／只，2005年分别增加1.05Kg／只和0.18kg／只。结果表明，配方Ⅲ在五种配方中效果最好，筛选出配方Ⅲ为主要配方。2．本次试验测得的蓝狐生殖器官化学成分有T、P、E₂、HCG、GH、T₃、T₄、cAMP、cGMP。3．动物源——蓝狐生殖器官添加剂饲喂效果试验：添加蓝狐生殖器官的配方Ⅳ对头、二茬产量茸较对照组分别增加0.25kg／只和0.08kg／只，配方Ⅴ对头、二茬产量茸较对照组分别增加0.33kg／只和0.05kg／只，可见蓝狐生殖器官亦可作为微米中草药加以利用，只是从效果上不如微米中草药，但也为进一步开发利用提供理论依据。4．微米中草药添加剂对鹿茸产品质量影响的分析：试验组二茬茸含水量68.87％（鲜干比3.18∶1），较对照组61.19％（鲜干比2.62∶1）高7.66％。蛋白含量试验组53.73％，较对照组49.32％高4.41％。氨基酸含量试验组为46.22％，较对照组44.36％高1.86％。脂肪含量试验组为2.08％，较对照组1.18％高0.90％。茸热容量试验组为13594.44±15.04J／g，较对照组11889.60±69.19J／g高1704.84J／g。可见微米中草药添加剂对2003年二茬茸化学成分的影响较对照组差异显著（P＜0.05）。5．微米中草药添加剂对茸鹿血液生化指标影响的分析：2003年生茸前期采集的血样，试验组与对照组各项血清生化指标差异不显著（P＞0.05）。锯头茬茸时血样中除血清睾酮各试验组与对照组间差异不显著（P＞0.05）外，血清雌二醇、孕酮、HCG、GH、T₃、T₄、cAMP、cGMP含量在各试验组间、试验组与对照组间差异显著（P＜0.01）。锯二茬茸时，血样中睾酮、血清雌二醇、孕酮、HCG、GH、T₃、T₄、cAMP、cGMP含量在各试验组间、试验组与对照组间差异显著（P＜0.05）。结果表明微米中草药添加剂对茸鹿血清各项生化指标较对照组差异显著。6．微米中草药添加剂对茸鹿免疫机能影响的分析：2003年生茸前，各组的免疫球蛋白IgE、IgA、IgM、T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞的含量在试验组与对照组间的差异不显著（P＞0.05）。锯头茬茸时，IgA值、IgG值、IgM值各试验组与对照组间存在着显著差异（P＜0.05）；锯二茬茸时，IgA值、IgG值、IgM值各试验组与对照组间存在着显著差异（P＜0.05）。锯头茬茸时，CD3（T）值与CD19（B）值在各试验组与对照组间存在着显著差异（P＜0.05）；锯二茬茸时，CD3（T）值与CD19（B）值在各试验组与对照组间存在着显著差异（P＜0.05）。结果显示微米中草药添加剂对免疫球蛋白及T、B淋巴细胞的含量有促进作用。蓝狐生殖器官单独配方Ⅴ则对IgE、IgA、IgM、T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞的含量增加，但不显著（P＞0.05）。综上所述，适宜剂量的微米中草药添加剂对东北梅花鹿的产茸性能的提高、免疫机能的增强，提高经济效益，均具有良好的促进作用，可在茸鹿养殖业中推广应用；微米蓝狐生殖器官添加剂对东北梅花鹿的产茸性能的提高、免疫机能的增强，也具有一定的作用，在生产中也可适当利用。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the theory of traditional Chinese medical science and traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese veterinary science, in terms of the law which used dialectical treatment and mutual existence& mutual taboo methods, the body of antler deer was made into positive and negative balance, in order to get good production performance and immune functions; the formulas were formed by Chinese herb and reproductive organ of alopes lagepus, in the meantime processing Chinese herbal additive by micron, making into micron-Chinese herbal additive, the average diameter of the additive is 6.5±40 um.Five different formulas of fine powder and micron-powder were made into according to different Chinese herbal components, namelyⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴgroup, of which formulaⅣis a kind of mixture for micron-Chinese herbal additive and reproductive organ in alopes lagepus,, and Vgroup is only made of reproductive organ ultra-mieropowder; blood samples were collected by 3times, the first time about end of pediele dropping before the time of antler development, that is feeding on Chinese herbal additive by micron before experiment; the other 2times at the time of sawing the first-cut antler and cutting after-math, that is in the time of antler development; the methods and results as follows:1. Experiment of formulas for Chinese herbal additive by micron affecting on antler yield performance as follows: experimental formulas and control group affected on antler yield performance significantly in northeast sika deer in 2003, of which the highest group of the average yield of antler is formulalIIgroup by 2.32±0.11kg/deer, which is higher than control（1.38±0.08） by 0.94kg/deer; the similar result in after-math, the number is 0.48±0.03kg/deer, 0.32±0.01kg/deer and 0.16kg/deer respectively, the rate of the two branches antler shaped in the formula is the highest by 86.96%, and control by 43.47%; The yields of the first-cut antler and after-math have significant difference between formulaⅢand control（p＜0.05）, feeding on formulaⅢfor 2years in 2004 and 2005; the total yield of the first-cut antler and after-math enhanced 0.89kg/deer and 0.16kg/deer respectively in 2004, and for the year of 2005 by 1.05kg/deer and 0.18kg/deer respectively; it shows that the best effectiveness group is formulaⅢgroup in 5formulas, screening out the main formula as the formulaⅢ.2. Determination for chemical components of reproductive organ in alopes lagepus in the experiment as follows: T, P, E2, HCG, GH, T₃, T₄, cAMP, cGMP3. Effect of feeding on reproductive organ additive_<sub><sub><sub>animal resouces additive in alopes lagepus as follows: the formulaⅣwhieh add reproductive organ of alopes lagepus to herbs affected on the yield for the first-cut antler and after-math, the yield increased by 0.25kg/deer and 0.08kg/deer, for the formulaⅤby 0.33kg/deer and 0.05kg/deer respectively; it shows that the reproductive organ in alopes lagepus can act as Chinese herb by micron. But the efficiency of which less than true Chinese herb, however, it can provide theoretical basis for further development and utilization.4. Analysis of Chinese herbal additive by micron affecting on the quality of antler’s product as follows: it shows that water content of alter-math is 68.87% in experimental group （ratio for fresh antler and the dried one by 3.18:1）, which is higher than that control group; the content of protein is 53.73% in experimental groups, higher than control（49.32%） by 4.41; as for aminon acid, the percentage by 46.22%, （44.36%）and 1.86%; content of fat by 2.08%, （1.18%）and 0.90% respectively; the heat capacity of antler is 13594. 44±15.04J/g in experimental groups, higher than control（11889.60J/g）by 1704.84J/g; it shows that Chinese herbal additive by micron affect on chemical components in 2003, there are significantly different between the treatment group and control one.5. Analysis of Chinese herbal additive by micron affecting on bio-chemical indexes in antler deer as follows: There are no difference in bio-chemical indexes of serum between the experimental groups and control one for collecting blood sample in the antler predevelopmental period; except for testosterone, the content of estradiol, progesterone, HCG, GH, T₃, T₄, cAMP, cGMP, is significantly different among experimental groups or between treatment group and control one（p＜0.01）, when sawing the first-cut antler; but for after-math, there are marked difference in T, P, E₂, HCG, GH, T₃, T₄, cAMP, cGMP in serum （p＜0.05）; it shows that there are significantly difference for Chinese herbal additive by micron to biochemical indexes of serum in antler between treatment groups and control one.6. Analysis of Chinese herbal additive by micron affecting on immune fuctions in antler deer as follows: The content for globulin IgE, IgA, IgM, T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte has no difference between experimental groups and control one in 2003; the value of IgE, IgA, IgM is significantly different （p＜0.05） between oxpedmental groups and control one when sawing the first-cut antler and after-math; the same results for CD3（T）and CD19（B）; it shows that Chinese herbal additive by micron can improve content of Tand B lymphocytes ; Vformula of one components of reproductive organ can improve Tand B lymphocytes too, but there are no difference between groups.Above all, proper dose of Chinese herbal additive by micron can improve antler yield performance and immune functions, and increase economic benefit, may develop and apply for industry of antler deer; reproductive organ by micron in alopes lagepus can improve either, and may be used somehow in production.更多还原