【作者】 杨晶；

【导师】 卓丽环；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 风景名胜资源是极其珍贵的自然文化遗产，是不可再生的资源。黑龙江省风景名胜资源丰富，但同时也存在着对风景名胜区保护不力，许多地方对风景名胜资源重开发、轻保护，没有处理好保护与利用的关系等诸多问题。基于这种状况，风景名胜资源的研究就显得极为重要。本文在综述国内外风景名胜资源评价理论的基础上，从风景名胜区保护和可持续发展为切入点，以黑龙江省的四个风景名胜区为研究区，基于多源遥感数据，从多角度、多层次开展风景名胜区风景名胜资源的综合评价研究。运用2002年黑龙江省风景名胜区的ETM~+遥感影像进行黑龙江省四个风景名胜区土地利用／土地覆盖遥感解译，分析获得了风景名胜区土地利用覆盖现状，并利用主成分分析法和景观生态格局分析方法对风景名胜区的景观格局指数进行深入分析；将生态服务价值理论应用到风景名胜区这个庞大、纷繁复杂的生态系统中，开展生态服务系统的功能研究，采用CosLanza等评价标准对风景名胜区的生态服务功能进行定量分析计算；将生态系统健康的内涵作为风景名胜区系统存在价值标志，采用Costanza等从生态系统自身出发的生态系统健康概念，对系统恢复力、平衡能力、组织(多样性)和活力(新陈代谢)、弹性和风景名胜区的自然文化遗产功能、人类干扰指数进行了定量与定性分析，并依据计算数据建立风景名胜资源的综合评价指标体系；应用模糊数学理论建立风景名胜区风景名胜资源的评价模型，运用该模型对四个风景名胜区的风景名胜资源状况进行分析评价，印证结论的可靠性，深入分析结论并提出了风景名胜区保护与发展的对策与措施。通过上述系列研究，本文获得以下主要的结论：1、采用“3S”技术，应用Arcview3.3、ERDAS8.5软件将矢量化数据转化为各种专题图，判读了土地覆盖要素因子等特征指数的基础数据，解译了风景名胜区各斑块类型图，解译精度指标达92.5％。2、遥感影像研究分析表明，从2002年黑龙江省四个风景名胜区土地类型的组成看，土地覆盖情况是：五大连池风景名胜区土地总面积10545.4ha；其中：林地(有林地)3172.0ha，占土地总面积的30.08％；耕地(旱田)4972.8ha，占土地总面积的47.16％；裸土地26.9ha，占土地总面积的0.25％；裸岩(石塘)223.1ha，占土地总面积的2.12％；裸岩(熔岩台地)603.3ha，占土地总面积的5.72％；其他建设用地167.8ha，占土地总面积的1.59％；水体223.4ha，占土地总面积的2.12％；非森林湿地(沼泽地)1156.1ha，占土地总面积的10.96％；四个风景名胜区土地总面积70586.7ha，其中：林地27641.4ha，占土地总面积的39.16％；耕地(旱田)14802.5ha，占土地总面积的20.98％；其他建设用地634.2ha，占土地总面积的0.89％；水体1494.57ha，占土地总面积的21.17％；非森林湿地(沼泽地)7380.5ha，占土地总面积的10.46％；裸土地26.9ha，占土地总面积的0.04％；裸岩(石塘)223.1ha，占土地总面积的0.32％；裸岩(熔岩台地)670.3ha，占土地总面积的0.95％；耕地(水田)4261.9ha，占土地总面积的6.04％。3、景观生态格局分析：应用FRAGSTATS对景观格局18个指标进行分类计算，利用SPSS软件对景观格局指数统计表中的参评指标进行零一均值规格化，经主成分分析后，确定了18个景观因子中第一主成分是景观单元的大小、形状因子，第二主成分是空间镶嵌体多样性因子，第三主成分是空间镶嵌体的关联性因子。4、将生态服务价值理论与生态系统健康理论应用到风景名胜区这个庞大、纷繁复杂的生态系统中，开展生态服务系统的功能研究，采用CosLanza等评价标准对风景名胜区的生态服务功能进行定量分析计算，获得的四个风景名胜区的生态服务价值具体指标分别是：128亿元、81.09亿元、29.74亿元、31.14亿元。5、将生态系统健康的内涵作为风景名胜区系统的存在价值标志，采用Costanza等从生态系统自身出发的生态系统健康概念，将系统恢复力、平衡能力、组织(多样性)和活力(新陈代谢)、弹性和风景名胜区的自然文化遗产功能、人类干扰指数进行了定量计算，获得评价的基础数据。6、应用模糊数学理论建立风景名胜区风景名胜资源的评价模型，并对四个风景名胜区的风景名胜资源状况进行分析评价，评价结果是：五大连池风景名胜区风景名胜资源评价中好的成分为0.3672，较好的成分为0.2739，一般的成分为0.2175，较差的成分为0.0827，差的成分为0.06；兴凯湖风景名胜区风景名胜资源评价中好的成分为0.2254，较好的成分为0.2233，一般的成分为0.2815，较差的成分为0.1977，差的成分为0.0780；莲花湖风景名胜区风景名胜资源评价中好的成分为0.2657，较好的成分为0.2589，一般的成分为0.2980，较差的成分为0.1008，差的成分为0.0780；镜泊湖风景名胜区风景名胜资源评价中好的成分为0.3064，较好的成分为0.2509，一般的成分为0.2439，较差的成分为0.1132，差的成分为0.0870。7、黑龙江省风景名胜资源通过层次分析、模糊综合评判模型运算结果表明，黑龙江省风景名胜资源的总体评估态势中一般评语的成分比例较大。本模型计算得出的黑龙江省风景名胜资源的评判结论，既在本文中的模糊综合评判模型求算结果中得到印证，也与黑龙江省风景名胜资源的实际状况相吻合。8、提出了风景名胜区发展研究对策：(1)开展风景名胜资源的全面调查和评价工作；(2)加强风景名胜资源的宣传教育；(3)建立风景名胜资源有偿使用制度；(4)建立风景名胜资源监测系统。本文研究证明，基于科学正确的指标体系和合理的指标因子权重结构，以“3S”技术应用为核心，开展黑龙江省风景名胜资源的综合评价研究，充分分析风景名胜资源的时空特性，其评价结论具有针对性。因此，研究成果可为风景名胜区的可持续发展提供决策支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Scenic resources are an extremely precious natural and cultural inheritance, which arenon-regenerated resources. Scenic resources in Heilongjiang Province are abundant, but theprotection of scenic spots is disadvantageous. Scenic resources of many places have a lot ofproblems that are heavy to develop, are light to protect. The relation of the protection andutilization can not be handled properly. According to the condition, the research of the scenicresources seems to be extremely important.Based on the evaluation theory of scenic resources at home and abroad, consideringprotection and the sustainable development of scenic spots, many source remote sensing date,the paper evaluation and research synthetically scenic resources of four scenic spots inHeilongjiang province from many angles and multilayer. Used the ETM remote sensing imageof Heilongjiang scenic spots in 2002, carried on remote sensing interpretation of land overlayof four scenic spots, acquired a land overlay condition of scenic spot, and made use ofprincipal composition analysis method and landscape pattern analysis a method to analysislandscape pattern index of scenic spots. Applied the ecology serve value theory and theecosystem health theory to scenic spot that is huge and complicated and complicatedecosystem, studied the function of ecology service system, adopted CosLanza etc. evaluationstandard to the ecology service function of scenic spot to calculate quantitatively, took thecontent of the ecosystem health for existence value sign of scenic spot, adopted Costanza etc.the oneself sets out from the ecosystem of the health concept of the ecosystem, recover systemto dint, equilibrium ability, organization (diversity) and vitality (metabolism), flexibility andscenic spot of the natural cultural inheritance function, mankind’s interference index, carried onquantitative and qualitative calculation, and based on calculation data establishedcomprehensive evaluation indicator system of scenic resources; Applied fuzzy mathematicstheories to establish scenic resources’ evaluation model of scenic spots, make use the model toanalysis and evaluate four scenic spot, corroborate the credibility of conclusion, put forwardthe counterplan and the measure of protection and development of scenic spots thoroughanalysis the conclusion, the study acquired the following main conclusion:1. Adopt "3S" technology, apply Arcview3.3, ERDASS.5, transform the vector data to themaps of various special subjects, interpret basis data of a land overlay factor, acquire patchtype map of scenic spots. The accuracy of interpretation reaches to 92.5％.2. The remote sensing image research indicates that in the land type constitutions of fourscenic spots in Heilongjiang Province in 2002, The land total area of the Wudalianchi scenicspot is 10545.4ha, the forest 3172.0ha that shares 30.08％of total area; The farmland(glebe)4972.8ha that shares 47.16％of total area; Naked land 26.9ha that shares0.25％s of total area; Naked rock(stone pond)223.1ha that shares 2.12％of total area; Nakedrock(lava plateau)603.3ha that shares 5.72％of total area; Other construction ground 167.8hathat shares 1.59％of total area; Water 223. 4ha that shares 2.12％of total area; on- forest marsh1156.1 ha that shares 10.96％of total area. The total area of four scenic spots is 70586.7ha. Theforest 27641.4ha that shares 39.16％of total area; The farmland(glebe)14802.5ha that shares20.98％of total area; Other construction ground 634.2ha that shares 0.89％of total area; Water14945.7ha that shares 21.17％of total area; on- forest marsh 7380.5ha that shares 10.46％oftotal area; Naked land 26.9ha that shares 0.04％of total area; Naked rock(stone pond)223.1hathat shares 0.32％of total area; Naked rock(lava plateau)670.3ha that shares 0.95％of totalarea; The farmland(paddy field)4261.9ha that shares 6.04％of total area.3. The landscape pattern analysis: applied the FRAGSTATS to classify and calculate 18indexes of the landscape pattern, carried on zero one by normalized transformation toevaluation index in statistical table of the landscape pattern indexes by SPSS software.Through principal component analysis, made sure the first principal composition in 18landscape factors is the size, shape factor of landscape unit, the second principal composition isa space incrustation diversity factor, the third principal composition is the connection factor ofa space incrustation.4. Applied the ecology serve value theory and the ecosystem health theory to scenic spotthat is huge and complicated and complicated ecosystem, studied the function of ecologyservice system, adopted CosLanza etc. evaluation standard to the ecology service function ofscenic spot to calculate quantitatively, acquired the ecology service worth index of four scenicspot, which is 12,800,000,000 yuan, 8,109,000,000 yuan, 2,974,000,000 yuan, 3,114,000,000yuan.5. The study took the content of the ecosystem health for existence value sign of scenicspot, adopted Costanza etc. the oneself sets out from the ecosystem of the health concept ofthe ecosystem, recover system to dint, equilibrium ability, organization (diversity) and vitality(metabolism), flexibility and scenic spot of the natural cultural inheritance function, mankind’sinterference index, carried on quantitative calculation, acquired the basis data of evaluation.6. The evaluation model of scenic resources by fuzzy mathematics theories developmentanalyses and evaluates scenic resources of four scenic spots. The result shows: goodcomposition in Wudalianchi scenic spots’ scenic resources is 0.3672, better composition is0.2739, general composition is 0.2175, worse composition is 0.0827, bad of composition is0.06; good composition in Xingkaihu scenic spots’ scenic resources is 0.2254, bettercomposition is 0.2233, general composition is 0.2815, worse composition is 0.1977, bad ofcomposition is 0.0780; good composition in Lianhuahu scenic spots’ scenic resources is 0.2657, better composition is 0.2589, general composition is 0.2980, worse composition is 0.1008, badof composition is 0.0780; good composition in the Jingpohu scenic spots’ scenic resources is0.3064, better composition is 0.2509, general composition is 0.2439, worse composition is0.1132, bad of composition is 0.0870.7. The result of scenic resources in Heilongjiang Province based on analytic hierarchyprocess and the fuzzy synthetic evaluation model operation indicates that scenic resources inHeilongjiang Province of total evaluation on situation in general the composition comparisonof comment is bigger. The adjudicate conclusion of this model calculation had corroborated theresult of the fuzzy synthetic evaluation model, also fitted together mutually with the actualcondition of scenic resources in Heilongjiang Province.8.Put forward the development countermeasure of the scenic spots:(1)Pursue classestablishment and perfect a system plan, protect scientifically scenic resources; (2)Carry outmanagement measure actively, protect scenic resources in force; (3)Enlarge lawmaking and thelaw enforcement, protect scenic resources by law; (4)Strengthen a society and public ofparticipate consciousness, pool efforts to protect scenic resources.The study proves that according to the correct indicator system and reasonable indicatorgene weighting construction, with geomatics technique application for core, study syntheticevaluation of scenic resources in Heilongjiang province and analyze the timespacecharacteristic of scenic recourse, its evaluation conclusion has pertinence. Therefore, theresearch achievement provides decision support for the sustainable development of scenicspots.更多还原