【作者】 吴燕丹；

【导师】 黄汉升；

【作者基本信息】 福建师范大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 和谐社会必须坚持以人为本，而以人为本则更多体现在人文关怀。在我国，随着人权意识提升和高等教育大众化进程的推进，越来越多生理上存在某种缺陷的身体练习障碍学生在教育公平和教育机会均等的形势下，跨入大学校门。与此同时，中国残疾人口的增加、联合国《残疾人权利公约》的颁布以及青少年学生普遍体质健康水平逐年下降的预警，使特殊体育教育研究必须进入我们的视野。我国普通学校身体练习障碍学生的体育呈现基础教育阶段基本空白，大学阶段虽有《全国普通高等学校体育课程教学指导纲要》的政策指导，但执行情况不容乐观，教育的不连续性使特殊体育教育很难有完整而科学的体系。我国大学特殊体育教育由于起步较晚，在政策法规的完善与执行力度以及课程系统设计等方面，与西方发达国家还有较大差距。本研究以我国普通高校身体练习障碍学生为研究对象，综合运用文献资料调研、比较研究、调查法、逻辑分析法、数理统计法、行动研究方法等，将切入点锁定体育教育应指向对每一个学生的生命关怀。在分析国内外相关文献的基础上，对我国大学特殊体育教育的现状进行调查并结合中学特殊体育教育的衔接情况，深入剖析其存在问题；从特殊体育教育的角度诠释生命关怀的四个维度，并从生命关怀视角确立身体练习障碍学生身体、心理、社会的三维调适理论，对大学特殊体育课程、教学对象做明确的界定，提出调适性体育课程和身体练习障碍学生的概念：在此基础上，以关怀理论、公平理论等六大理论为依据，设计调适性体育课程的理论框架；确立了“增强学生体质，补偿缺陷，发展健康体适能”为首的八大课程目标；运动技能、健康体适能等六大内容领域：互动教学、合作学习等四大教学策略；个别化原则、扬优补缺原则等七大教学原则；替代性评价为代表的新型评价理念和评价方式；以及教育管理、教学支持、课外服务三位一体的特殊体育教育支持体系。实施为期一年的教育行动研究，从质性研究与量化研究两方面考察本研究的理论假设。结果提示：调适性体育课程的理论体系具有较好的可操作性，对于身体练习障碍学生身、心、社三维健康的调适作用明显，通过丰富的案例有力证明了学生的关怀意识和关怀能力正在形成，从四个量表与对照班前后测比较结果观察，调适性体育课程对于学生的健康自我评价、自尊以及锻炼态度等都有明显改善，体适能指标与对照班前后测比较结果也提示课程对学生的身体健康水平有明显的改善作用。但从两个主题的行动研究中均可看出，特殊体育教育最大的症结在于观念的滞后和社会支持力度的薄弱。中国的大学特殊体育教育，应努力实现社会公正、重视政策扶持、健全相关法规、建设中国特色的课程理论与课程实践，以适应和谐社会对学校体育的新要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Harmonious society must insist on people foremost, but: people foremost incarnate human solicitude more. With advancing human rights consciousness and the course of higher education .in a popular style, more and more students who are physical disab, led can study in universities under the situation of having the same educational chance as other healthystudents. Meanwhile, special physical education, must enter our eyeshot with the increasing population of disabled, promulgating the Rights of Disabled Convention by U.N. and early warning of descending the health of students’ constitution Year after year. The physical disabled students of our country don’t have PE course when they are in the basic education stage. Although there is a direction policy of the National Programme for PE Course Teaching Guidance of Colleges and Universities, the condition of executing is not optimism. Un-continuity of physical education makes special physical education not has an integrated and scientific system. Compare with west developed countries, our special physical education still have a long way to go owing to set up lately in the fields of consummating policy and rule of law, executing dynamics and designing course system.The object of study is physical disabled students in colleges and universities. This article focuses on that physical education needs to point at life solicitude for every student according to the study methods of literature and data, comparing, investigating, logical analysis, symbolic statistic, action, and so on. On basic of analyzing the literature of home and abroad, I investigated the current situation of special physical education in our university, and combined the condition of special physical education in the middle schools, then analyzed the, problems deeply; annotated four aspects of concern for life from:special physical education angles, established the adjustment theory about three-dimensional of physical disabled students’ bodies, mentality and society, confirm special physical education curriculum and teaching object, and advance the conception of adjustability physical education curriculum and physical disabled students; on the basis of it, according to concern theory, equity theory and so on (six theories), designed the framework for the adjustability physical education curriculum, established eight aims of curriculum.; "buildingup the students’ health, compensating for physical defect, and developing healthy physical stamina" are in the first place of the eight aims; sports skills, healthy physical stamina and so on(six fields); teaching for each other, studying together and so on(four teaching strategies); individual, bringing out one’s strengthsto make up for one’s weaknesses and so on(seven teaching principles); new evaluation theory and way which, include replacement evaluation; along with special, physical education aid system which is made up of education management, teaching aid after school service.With one year’s studying,Ⅰexamined the hypothesis of my theory from two aspects: quality and quantity, and then drawed a conclusion: the theory system of adjustability physical education eurrieulum has good maneuverability, and it influences obviously on adjustability the three-dimensional health of physical disabled students’ bodies, mentality and society. According to kinds of cases, students’ consciousness and capability of concern come into being. From observing the results of four quantities tables and comparing the two classes which have different teaching methods, self-evaluation of students’ health, self-esteem of students and attitude about exercises have been improved obviously by adjustability physical education curriculum. Meanwhile, the results also indicate that the curriculum can improve the level of students’ health obviously. But from the studying of two aspects we know the biggest problem of special physical education is that people don’t have the concept and lacking of the social aid. Special physical education of university in China must make great efforts on achieving social equity, attaching importance to policy’s supporting, amplifying rules and regulations, and constructing curriculum theory and practice which have the Chinese feature. So that it cam adapt to the new request of university physical education which is demanded by harmony society.更多还原