【作者】 李霞；

【导师】 杨剑桥；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 本文以《金瓶梅词话》的动词为研究对象，根据动词的句法特征和意义相结合的原则，将《词话》中的动词分为动作动词、状态动词、判断动词、能愿动词、心理动词、存现动词、趋向动词、使役动词八类，结合历时的比较，分别描述各类动词的语法特点，并对所涉及的语义、语法现象作出解释。通过对《词话》动词的调查研究，我们可以了解《词话》时期动词在语义、语法方面的特点以及与现代汉语之间的传承，为汉语语法史的研究提供有益的参考。全文共分九章。第一章为绪论，简要说明国内外关于《词话》动词的研究概况，确定了动词分类的原则，介绍了本文的研究目的和研究方法。第二章根据判断动词前段和后段的关系将判断动词分为“是”类动词、“像”类动词、“叫”类动词等三类，然后分别进行描写和解释。“是”类动词中，从语义和结构特征等方面重点分析了“是”的用法和“是”字句。“像”类动词一节，首先分析了“像”类动词的概况，并对其构成的句式进行了描写和说明，然后分别讨论了“像”类动词的句法语义特点。第三章将能愿动词分为可能类、意愿类、必要类，并分析每类能愿动词的语义和句式。《词话》时期能愿动词的用法已经渐趋完善，可以进入肯定旬、否定句，还有少量的双重否定句，构成的句型也呈现多样化，有陈述句、疑问句、祈使句等，初步具备了现代汉语中能愿动词的面貌。第四章根据心理动词的语义特征和语法功能，将《词话》中的心理动词分为五大类：情绪类心理动词、情感类心理动词、感知类心理动词、认知类心理动词、使役类心理动词。研究每类心理动词的特点和句式，并对每小类心理动词根据语义特征划分为不同语义群。第五章将《词话》中的存现动词分为存在动词、隐现动词、增减动词三大类，相对“有”来说，其他词的用法都比较简单。《词话》中的“有”可以表示多种意义，如存在、领属、比较、估量，还可以构成多种句式，包括简单的“有”字句和复杂的“有”字句。第六章以《词话》中出现的趋向动词为考察对象，对趋向动词的数量、语义和语法功能作了详尽的描写和解释。《词话》中的趋向动词既可以作谓语，也可以作补语，作谓语时可以进入多种句式，作补语时既可以表趋向义、也可以表结果义、动态义等。《词话》中的趋向动词的语义和语法功能已和现代汉语非常接近。但也有一些不同的现象，比如《词话》中有些趋向动词在现代汉语中不再使用，或保留在某些方言中，如：单音趋向动词中的“转、入”等，复合趋向动词中的“开去、起去、转来、转去、入来、入去”等。并对动趋式带宾语时补语和宾语的语序进行了考察。并对《词话》中“动将趋”式动补结构和“得”字实现式趋向补语进行描写与解释。第七章将《词话》中的使役动词根据语义分为三大类：使令动词、致使动词和容许动词，并详细讨论了使役动词的语义特点和句法特征。将使令动词根据语义的强弱又分为六小类，对致使结构与使令结构进行比较，归纳出共同点与不同点。重点分析了《词话》中既表使令又表致使的是“教”、“令”、“使”、“叫”、“交”等动词。第八章对《词话》中的动作动词和状态动词的句法语义特点进行了概述，并对相互动词进行了详尽的分析。《词话》中的动作动词是全书中数量最多的，它的外延相比较前面几类动词来说，是开放性的，由动作动词构成的句型也丰富多样，按带动元的数目可以分为一价动作动词、二价动作动词、三价动作动词。《词话》中的状态动词按带动元的数目可以分为三类：一价状态动词、二价状态动词、三价状态动词。第九章为结论。指出主要结论和不足之处。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis takes the verbs of Jinpingmei as the research object. The verbs of Jinpingmei can be divided into eight categories based on the grammar features and semantic characteristics: action verbs, state verbs, judgement verbs, auxiliary verbs, mental verbs, causative verbs, directional verbs and existent verbs, relation verbs. This thesis attempts to predicate and analyze the characteristics of all kinds of these verbs separately and try to explain relative phenomena. We can understand the fundamental grammar and semantic situation of the verbs in Jinpingmei from the researches and find the inheriting trace of the grammatical development from Ming Dynasty till now. The study on the verbs of Jinpingmei can afford profitable reference for the study of the Chinese language history. The paper consists of nine chapters:The first chapter is introduction which introduces the general research situations about the verbs of Jinpingmei, the rules to dividing the verbs, the research objective and methods for the paper.The second chapter is the study on the judgement verbs. The judgement verbs can be divided into three categories: the verbs like shi(是), the verbs like xiang(像), the verbs like jiao(叫). The second chapter gives an exhaustive description and explanation of all the three categories and mainly analyzes shi(是), the verbs like xiang(像) and the sentences made up of them.The third chapter is the study on modal auxiliary verbs. The modal auxiliary verbs are divided into possible verbs, willing verbs and necessary verbs. The use of the modal auxiliary verbs has become complicated. They can enter positive sentence, negative sentence and double negative sentences. They can make up of declarative sentence, interrogative sentence and imperative sentence etc.The fourth chapter is the study on the mental verbs. The mental verbs are divided into five categories: mood verbs, emotion verbs, perceptive verbs, cognitive verbs and causative verbs. The fourth chapter analyzes the characteristics of each kind of the mental verbs and divides each kind into different semantic categories.The fifth chapter is the study on the existent verbs. The existent verbs can be divided into three categories: existent verbs, appearance or disappearance verbs and increase or decrease verbs, the function of you(有)is the most complicated comparing with the other verbs. You(有)have various meanings such as existence, possession, comparison and measurement etc. You(有)can make up of many forms of sentences including simple sentence and complicated sentence.The sixth chapter is the study on directional verbs and gives a detailed description and explanation of the numbers, semantic and syntactic functions. The directional verbs can serve as predicate and complement. The directional verbs can enter various kinds of sentences when they serve as predicate and they can denote direction meaning, result meaning and dynamic meaning when they serve as complement. Their syntactic function is very close to the contemporary Chinese language, but there still exist some differences, such as some directional verbs of Jinpingmei have disappeared or exist in some dialects. There are "V+jiang(将)+qu(趋)" structures and completive directional complement with "dei(得)".The seventh chapter is the study on the causative verbs. The causative verbs are divided into three categories: imperative verbs, causative verbs, and permission verbs. The semantic and syntactic characteristics of the verbs are fully discussed. The fifth chapter also compares the imperative structure and causative structure, and analyzes the verbs such as jiao(教)、ling(令)、shi(使)、jiao(叫)、jiao(交)emphatically.The eighth chapter analyzes the semantic and syntactic characteristics of the action verbs and state verbs generally and investigates the mutual verbs at details. The number of the action verbs is the largest. Both the action verbs and state verbs can be divided into monovalent verbs, bivalent verbs and trivalent verbs.The ninth chapter is the conclusion which summarizes the dissertation and indicates the deficiencies.更多还原