【作者】 马书惠；

【导师】 乐光新；

【作者基本信息】 北京邮电大学 ， 通信与信息系统， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 无线传感器网络涉及传感器、嵌入式计算、分布式信息处理和无线通信等多个学科。由于其自组织性、微型性、低成本以及灵活性等特点，在军事、环境科学、医疗健康、空间探索和商业应用等领域有着非常广泛的应用前景。二十世纪九十年代以来，随着相关技术的快速发展，无线传感器网络也得到了学术界、军界和工业界的极大关注。目前该领域的研究热点包括：能量高效的路由算法和媒体接入控制算法、拓扑管理技术、QoS支持技术、层间设计技术、网络部署和覆盖、定位和时间同步、最优数据聚合等，这些方面共同支撑起了无线传感器网络未来的发展方向。其中能量高效的算法设计是一个基本的设计原则，贯穿了上述所有热点的研究过程，也是无线传感器网络算法设计面临的首要挑战。本论文针对目前在无线传感器网络的能量研究领域所存在的三个问题，分别进行了相关研究，并提出了相应的解决方案和理论模型。论文围绕无线传感器网络中能量高效的协议设计，对跨层优化、拓扑控制和能量模型进行了研究。主要工作如下：1．提出了一种基于跨层的能量高效地理转发机制—EnGFAS。该机制通过在应用层、网络层和MAC层间传递负载信息和控制信息，完成能量感知的路由中继选择和节点的自适应休眠。层间联合设计有效地提高了数据包转发成功率，减少和均衡了网内节点能耗，延长了网络生命周期。2．针对传统成簇拓扑控制算法和移动代理算法存在的问题，提出了一种基于多个移动代理的能量高效信息收集方案。该方案通过基于分簇的无干扰拓扑结构设计，配合多个移动代理的使用，简化了MAC和路由协议的复杂性，并具有高能效性和可扩展性。3．采用数据流跟踪方法，推导了无线传感器网络中普遍适用的计算全网能耗的能量模型。在此基础上，建立了基于能耗的网络优化模型，针对链式和簇式结构进行了拓扑、功率和路由的优化设计，并通过仿真得以验证。4．结合路由中继算法，分析了IEEE802．11DCF两种方式(RTS／CTS和CSMA／CA)下的网络信道利用率和网络容量。在此基础上，提出了一种基于网络容量估算无线传感器网络能耗上限的能量模型，并利用此模型进行了链式结构的路由优化设计。总之，本论文主要对无线传感器网络中基于能量高效的跨层协议设计、拓扑设计以及能量模型进行了研究和探讨。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wireless sensor network integrates the technologies of sensor, embedded computing, distributed information transaction and wireless communication. The characteristics of self-organizing, mini-size, low cost and flexibility give it a very broad perspective in many fields such as military affairs, environment science, medical treatment, space exploration and business etc. Since 1990’s, wireless sensor network has been being given much attention by the groups of academy, army corps and industry, as the rapid development of related technologies. The hotspots in the field include energy-efficient algorithm design of routing and medium access control, technologies of topology management, quality of service and cross-layer design, deployment and coverage, location and synchronization, optimal data gathering, etc. Above all, Energy-efficient algorithm design is not only an elementary principle for the study of all the hotspots, but also the major challenge of algorithms design in wireless sensor networks. This paper investigates related research work on energy consumption of wireless sensor networks, and proposes corresponding solutions and theoretical model for three problems in the research. This paper focuses on the energy-efficient protocol design of wireless sensor networks. The specific directions include the research of cross layer optimization, topology control and energy model in wireless sensor networks. The contribution of the paper is listed as follows:1. Proposes an Energy-aware Geographical Forwarding Protocol utilizing Adaptive Sleep (EnGFAS) from the point of view of cross layer design in wireless sensor networks. Information of traffic load and control is transferred among application layer, network layer and MAC layer in the protocol, and then energy-aware relay selection routing and adaptive sleep are implemented. The cross layer design improves the possibility of successful data packets forwarding, decreases and balances the energy consumption of nodes in the networks, and prolongs the lifetime of wireless sensor networks.2. Investigates the traditional clustering algorithms and mobile agent algorithms in wireless sensor networks, and then proposes a distributed energy-efficient data gathering scheme using multiple mobile agents. The scheme designs a non-interference clustering algorithm integrated with the utilization of multiple mobile agents. It remarkably simplifies the complexity of MAC and routing protocols, improves the energy efficiency and has better scalability.3. Presents the energy model for wireless sensor networks by tracing the data flow. It can be used to compute the whole energy consumption of wireless sensor networks and has pervasive applicability. The energy optimization model is built for wireless sensor networks, and then the optimization design of topology, transmission power and routing are implemented in network of link and clustering architectures, finally the simulation results validate the theoretical results.4. analyzes the space reuse and capacity of wireless sensor networks adopting IEEE802.11 DCF (RTS/CTS and CSMA/CA) integrated with different relay selection routing algorithm. And then proposes an energy model to evaluate the upper bound of energy consumption in wireless sensor networks based on the capacity of networks. The optimization routing design for the network of link architecture is implemented using this model.In summary, this paper focuses on the study of cross-layer design, topology design and energy model based on energy-efficiency in wireless sensor networks.更多还原