【作者】 孙建娥；

【导师】 何一成；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 中共党史， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 新民主主义文化从理论上讲是中国共产党人在新民主主义革命时期所创立的“无产阶级领导的人民大众的反帝反封建的文化”，从其实践上主要是中国共产党领导的革命根据地的文化革命与文化建设，以及领导国统区左翼文化运动所进行的文化革命与文化建设。新民主主义文化以其救亡和启蒙的双重作用，服务于时代主题，促进了中国社会的变革，代表了中国先进文化的前进方向。新民主主义文化已经找到了符合当时中国国情的文化发展模式，它的内容和纲领体现的价值观念、基本精神以及处理中西文化问题的科学方法，对于社会主义初级阶段的文化来说，都具有传承性。社会主义和谐文化建设时期较新民主主义文化革命与建设时期，文化建设面临着许多新的课题，但是，新民主主义文化建设所强调的科学性、民族性、大众性以及处理中西文化问题的科学方法等，今天看仍不过时。所以，新民主主义文化革命与建设是社会主义和谐文化建设走向和价值观念的源头，也是中国文化现代化的基础和出发点。正是由于新民主主义文化本身的重要性，研究新民主主义文化革命与文化实践的历程，并从中总结出文化建设的历史经验就具有同样重要的意义了。本文采取历史与逻辑相统一的思路，对新民主主义文化革命与文化建设的历程进行考察，总结研究党始终忠实地代表中国先进文化前进方向的历史经验和客观规律。本文分五个部分。第一部分，导论。主要阐述选题的缘由，研究现状，研究的思路与研究方法。第二部分，从旧民主主义文化革命到新民主主义文化革命的历史必然。主要分两层论述：(1)1840年鸦片战争以后，中国逐步沦为半殖民地半封建社会，新兴民族资产阶级民主主义文化，固然代表当时中国先进文化的前进方向，但它是在帝国主义与封建主义反动文化同盟的进攻下屡屡败退。因而时代需要新的民主主义文化。(2)十月革命后马克思主义传入中国，五四运动中中国工人阶级的崛起为新的民主主义文化观念产生准备了思想理论基础和阶级组织条件。一批领导近代中国革命的先进分子完成了由激进民主主义者向马克思主义者的转变，是五四时期马克思主义先进文化的结果，而中国共产党的诞生，则标志着世界观转变后知识分子开始将先进文化运用于中国社会实践。第三部分，新民主主义文化革命思想的形成与发展。主要论述新民主主义文化革命思想经历了萌芽(1919-1921)、形成(1921-1932)和成熟(1932-1940)三个阶段，它与新民主义文化革命的阶段是统一的，实现了中国近代文化变革中方向性的伟大历史转折。第四部分，新民主主义文化革命的实践历程与成就。新民主主义文化革命的实践历程与成就具体表现为：坚持向工农大众宣传马克思主义和普及科学文化知识，坚持用马克思主义批判继承民族传统文化与动员工农大众的统一，坚持提高党的马列主义理论水平和科学文化知识水平的统一，坚持打破帝国主义与封建主义的反动同盟与传播马克思主义的统一，坚持知识分子的历史地位与思想改造的统一。第五部分，新民主主义文化革命的历史经验。主要论述新民主义文化革命始终坚持了新民主义文化纲领的科学性质、价值内涵和方针政策。它是新民主主义革命时期中国先进文化前进方向的深刻体现，完成由半殖民地半封建社会的文化观念向新民主主义文化观念的历史变革。同时，新民主主义文化革命又有更多地强调意识形态和思想政治功能，突出道德目标，培养共产主义新人的特点。其历史经验可概括为：马克思主义决定着文化革命与文化建设的性质和方向，坚持解放思想、实事求是以推动马克思主义的理论创新，坚持理论创新、与时俱进以实现人民创造幸福生活的需要，正确处理一元化与多样性的关系以满足人民日益增长的文化生活需求，坚持“文艺为工农兵服务、为无产阶级政治服务”，坚持党的知识分子政策要以发挥知识分子的创造才能为准，坚持“两用原则”要以坚持人的全面发展为标准。更多还原

【Abstract】 Theoretically speaking, New-democratic culture is the national, scientific, popular, anti-imperialist and anti-feudalism’s cultural theory that was founded by the Party Members in the New-democratic Revolution Stage. In practice, it is mainly the cultural construction of the Revolutionary Bases led by the Communist Party of China, and the leading of the Left-wing Cultural Movement in Kuomintang-ruled Area. The New-democratic Culture, with its double effects of saving the nation from extinction and enlightening, has served the times’ subject, and promoted transforming of Chinese society, and represented onward direction of China’s advanced culture.The New-democratic Culture has already found the cultural development pattern which accords with China’s actual conditions. The basis spirit, values and scientism handling Chinese and Western cultural problems that its content and guiding principle embodied have heredity, as for the culture of the primary stage of socialism. Compared with the New-democratic Revolution Stage, the politics and economy of the Socialism Primary Stage have changed profoundly, and cultural construction faces many new problems, but the scientificalness, nationalness and popularness emphasized by the New-democratic Cultural Construction has not been outdated yet. So the New-democratic Culture is the source of the culture trend and value in the Socialism Primary Stage, and also the foundation and starting point of the Chinese culture modernization.Exactly due to the significance of the New-democratic Culture, it has the same important significance to study the process of New-democratic Cultural Revolution and cultural practice, and sum up the historic experience of the cultural construction.This article adopts historical and logic train of thought, and investigates the process of the New-democratic Cultural Revolution and Cultural Construction, and sums up the historical experience and objective law that Party represents the onward direction of China’s advanced culture honestly from beginning to end.This article has 5 parts.The first part is the introduction. It is mainly about the causes of selecting this topic, the current situation of the research, the research train of thought and the research methods.The second part is about the historical necessity from Old-democratic Cultural Revolution to New-democratic Cultural Revolution. It mainly comments on two tiers. (1) After Opium War in 1840, China became a semicolonial and semifeudal society step by step. It is no doubt that burgeoning national bourgeoisie democratic culture represented onward direction of China’s advanced culture at that time, but it repeatedly retreated by the attacks of the Imperialist and Feudalist culture bund. So a new democratic culture is indispensable for the times. (2)After the October Revolution, Marxism became a member of China. The rising of the Chinese working class in the May 4th Movement prepared the thought rationale and class organization’s condition for the producing of the new democratic cultural concept. Some advanced people who led the modern Chinese revolution accomplished the change from radical democrat to Marxist. It is the result of the Marxism advanced culture in the May 4th period. The founding of the Communist Party of China indicated that intellectuals began to apply advanced culture to Chinese social practice after their world view changed.The third part is about the formation and development of the New-democratic Cultural Revolution Thought. It mainly comments the New-democratic Cultural Revolution Thought has experienced three stages that are germ (1919-1921), taking form (1921-1932), and maturation (1932-1940). It is unified with the stage of the New-democratic Cultural Revolution and has realized the great directionality’s historic transition in the Chinese Modern Cultural Transform.The fourth part is about the course and accomplishment of the New-democratic Cultural Revolution. It mainly comments the New-democratic Cultural Construction Thought inherits the Democracy and Science’ Connotation of the New Culture Movement. At the same time, it has the historical heredity and has prepared for the building of the cultural system of socialist society in China. The course and accomplishment of the New-democratic Cultural Construction are as follows. Insist on propagating Marxism and popularizing scientific knowledge to the masses of workers and peasants. Insist on the unification of using Marxism to criticize and inherit the nation’s traditional culture and mobilizing the masses of workers and peasants. Insist on the unification of improving Party’s Marxism-Leninism theoretical level and scientific knowledge level. Insist on the unification of breaking reactionary bund of imperialism and feudalism and spreading Marxism. Insist on the unification of admitting intellectual’s historical position and remolding ideology.The fifth part is about historic experience of New-democratic Cultural Revolution. It mainly comments the New-democratic Cultural Revolution insist on scientific character, value connotation and general and specific policy of the New-democratic cultural guiding principle from the beginning to end. It is the profound embodiment of the onward direction of China’s advanced culture in the New-democratic Revolution Stage, and has accomplished the historical transition from cultural concept of semicolonial and semifeudal society to cultural concept of New-democracy. At the same time, the New-democratic Cultural Revolution and Cultural Construction have many characters that are emphasizing the ideological form and ideological and political function, laying stress on morality target, and cultivating new comers of communism. Its historical experience is as follows. Marxism determines the character and direction of the cultural revolution and cultural construction. Insist on emancipating the mind and seeking the truth to drive Marxist making theoretical innovation. Insist on making theoretical innovation and advancing with time to realize the need of creating a happy life. Handling rightly the relation of centralized and diversity to satisfy people’s gradually growing cultural life needs. Insist on the viewpoint that "Literature and art is served for workers, peasants and soldiers, and is served for the proletariat’s politics." The insistence of Party’s policy towards intellectuals must take that bring intellectuals’ creative ability into play as criterion. The insistence of the principle that making the past serve the present and foreign things serve China must take insisting on the overall development of human being as criterion.更多还原