【作者】 刘阳；

【导师】 褚莹；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 物理化学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 以胶体与界面化学为基础,利用两亲分子在合成与组装纳/微米结构材料中巧妙的调控作用,原位合成得到了多种金属及金属氧化物纳/微米结构及其组装体,并探讨了这些材料特有的光学性能。在金属纳/微米材料方面,利用表面活性剂SDS在溶液中形成的软模板,通过一步液相合成路线合成得到了多种中空的Cu纳/微米结构(纳米管、由中空的纳米粒子组装而成的微球、中空微球)。利用金属间简单的氧化还原反应,在接近室温的条件下,在不同的金属基片上合成得到了Ag的树枝状纳米结构。在金属氧化物纳/微米材料方面,重点开展了在金属箔片上原位合成并组装CuO与ZnO纳/微米结构的相关工作:在不同类型的表面活性剂的辅助下,通过简单的一步水热处理过程,在金属铜箔上原位合成了具有不同维度的CuO纳米结构及其超级组装结构;首次尝试了一种通过无机阴离子调控的液相路线,在金属铜箔上原位合成了由CuO纳米线和纳米片组装而成的蜂窝状和花状的CuO纳米组装结构;在乙二胺水溶液中直接氧化金属锌箔,得到了大规模高度有序的ZnO微米棒/微米管的阵列结构,并发现产物具有很好的发光性能。该方法的突出优点在于,如果向反应体系中引入表面活性剂,就可以很容易地将产物由棒状结构调控为管状结构;在NaOH碱性溶液中,通过水热处理过程,在金属锌箔上原位合成了具有规则的六角棱柱形貌的ZnO纳米棒,并探讨了多种反应条件对于产物形貌的影响。在对金属氧化物纳米材料的合成方面,也开展了通过低温液相路线,在溶液中合成CuO与Cu2O纳米结构的相关工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis focuses on the discussion for the amphiphilic molecules-directed in situ synthesis and assembly of metals and metal oxides nanostructures based on the colloid and interface science, and the optic properties of these materials are also studied.For metals nanostructures, we present a facile one-pot chemical solution procedure to produce hollow Cu nano/micro- structures with different shape, i.e. nanotubes, microspheres assembled from hollow nanosized spheres and hollow microspheres. Dendritic Ag nanostructures are fabricated on the metal foils at room temperature using the simple oxidation-reduction reaction between different metals.For metal oxides nanostructures, we emphasize the in situ synthesis and assembly of CuO and ZnO nanostructures on metal foils. Firstly, a one-step surfactant-assisted mild hydrothermal method is developed for the in situ preparation of different dimensional CuO nanostructures and new self-assembly to various CuO nanoarchitectures. Secondly, we describe an anion-controlled mild hydrothermal method for in situ preparation of CuO honeycombs and flowers-like nanoarchitectures assembled from nanowires and nanoribbons on copper foils. Thirdly, we present a simple solution route for growing well-oriented 1D ZnO microrods/microtubes arrays over a large area by direct oxidation of zinc foil in an aqueous solution of ethylenediamine, and the shape of the ZnO microstructures can be easily modulated from rods to tubes simply by adding surfactant into the reaction system. Fourthly, ZnO nanorods with six perfect well-faceted side planes are in situ synthesized on zinc foils in NaOH solution with the hydrothermal treatment, and the influences of many reaction conditions on the morphology of ZnO nanostructures are also investigated.For metal oxides nanostructures, we also prepare CuO and Cu2O nanostructures through the low-temperature solution routes.更多还原