【作者】 许丽英；

【导师】 袁桂林；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 教育学原理， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 教育不平等扩张是我国教育改革进程中出现的一个大问题,教育差距的不断拉大成了和谐社会进程中的最不和谐音。教育发展不均衡主要是教育资源配置的不均衡,而教育政策是影响教育资源配置格局的决定性因素。政府是教育政策制定和执行的主体,政府的角色定位对教育政策取向至关重要。因此,政府在教育资源配置格局中扮演着重要的角色,调整教育资源配置格局,政府必须有所作为。教育政策背后反映的是不同的利益代表之间的博弈。在教育资源配置政策制定和执行过程中,弱势群体往往被置于边缘甚至被抛出“合法成员”之外。要缩小教育差距,实现教育均衡发展,必须改变教育资源配置政策的基本取向,对教育资源配置的整体设计做出调整,从强势倾斜转向弱势倾斜,从弱势倾斜转向弱势补偿,建立起完善的教育补偿制度,这不仅是对教育弱势群体基本人权的保障,是对社会正义的维护,同时更是促进教育的立体公平与全面效率的必然取径。本研究遵循着“提出问题—分析问题—解决问题”的思路,以城乡差距为例考察教育资源配置失衡的现状,以政策分析为切入点对建国以来的教育资源配置政策进行历史反思,以政策转向为契机,探讨教育补偿制度的构建路径。本文主体部分各章节具体内容如下:第一章,阐释教育资源配置的基础理论问题。本章对教育资源的概念及其属性、教育资源配置方式、教育资源配置的存在状态、教育公平与教育效率的内涵及其二者的关系、教育资源配置的实质等基本理论问题进行了深入探讨,提出了很多新的观点和见解。本研究打破了教育资源概念的经济学局限,从更宽泛的社会学意义上来界定教育资源,并且提出了新的教育公平效率观:教育公平是一种立体的结构性存在;教育效率是涵盖经济效率与社会效率的全面效率。公平和效率是教育资源配置的两个基本价值坐标,而不同利益主体在教育资源配置中的博弈则是教育资源配置格局形成的决定性因素,教育资源配置的实质就是不同利益主体之间的利益博弈。本章为后文的展开奠定了理论基础。第二章,以城乡差距为例考察教育资源配置失衡的现状。涉及教育经费、师资、教学条件、教学与课程、教育机会等几个方面。对这些内容的考察,在参考国家公布的教育统计数据基础上还进行了较大规模的实地调查,展现了大量第一手资料,为更充分地了解和把握农村教育的现状提供了依据。第三章,反思导致教育资源配置失衡的教育政策。分阶段对建国以来中国的教育资源配置政策轨迹进行了扫描和审视,并对现行的农村义务教育经费投入新机制、农民工子女教育政策等进行了深入讨论,指出了“新机制”和农民工子女教育政策存在的缺陷和问题。第四章,阐释教育补偿理论。一直以来,教育补偿都是以实践形态出现的,多为对教育弱势群体的道义救助。本研究把教育补偿提升到了理论高度,指出损害弥补与正义维护是教育补偿的两个基本要义。教育补偿既是一种教育资源配置的理念和取向,也是一种基本的教育资源配置原则,政府与社会对弱势群体负有教育补偿的责任——这种责任不仅仅是道义上的,更是法律上的。本章深入探讨了教育补偿的涵义、教育补偿的价值基础、教育补偿的宗旨、教育补偿的重点与关键等问题。第五章,构建教育补偿制度。本章以最大限度地促进弱势群体的教育发展为目标,设计了一套义务教育资源配置的弱势补偿制度,包括补偿制度设计的指导思想、补偿原则以及具体的实现策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is a big issue that the educational inequality expands in the process of educational reform in China. The educational gap being broadened is inconsistent with harmonious society building. The imbalance of educational development is mainly caused by the imbalanced allocation of educational resources, which is influenced primarily by the educational policies.Government is the main body that constitutes and carries out the educational policies. Therefore, the government plays a key role in educational resources allocation system. The government has to do something to adjust the allocation system. What hide behind the educational policies is the game of stakeholder representatives. In the process of constituting and implementing the policies of educational resources allocation, the disadvantaged group is often placed in the margin or even being excluded from the legitimate members. For the purpose of decreasing the educational gap and realizing the balanced development of education, it is essential to change the basic orientation of the policies of educational resources allocation, to adjust the whole design of the allocation system. Changing from the advantaged inclination to the disadvantaged inclination, and then from the disadvantaged inclination to the disadvantaged compensation, it is hoped that a perfect educational compensation system could be set up. It will not only guarantee the basic human right of educational disadvantaged group, maintain the social justice, but also promote the tridimensional equity and comprehensive efficiency of education.The study follows the idea of putting forward the problem, analyzing the problem, and solving the problem. Giving an example of the gap between the city and the country, the study reflects on the policies of educational resources allocation since the new China has been founded by analyzing the policies. The study also explores the methods for building the educational compensation system. The brief review of chapters is following.Chapter 1: Discusses the theories about educational resources allocation. In this chapter, some issues has been explored, such as the concept and the attributes of educational resources, the allocation methods and the existence situation of educational resources allocation, the meaning of educational equity and educational efficiency and the relationship between them, the essential of educational resources allocation, and so on. Many new perspectives have been put forward. The research has broken the limitation of economics. The concept of educational resources has been defined upon the sociology. A new perception on educational equity and efficiency has been brought forward: educational equity has a tridimensional configuration, and educational efficiency contains economic efficiency and sociological efficiency. Equity and efficiency are basic value coordinates of educational resources allocation, while the game of stakeholders in the allocation system is the essential factor influencing the allocation system. The essential of the educational resources allocation is the game for the interests among stakeholders. This chapter has established the theory foundation for the follow chapters.Chapter 2: Explore the status quo of the imbalanced educational resources allocation such as educational funds, teaching staff, teaching condition, teaching and curriculum, educational opportunities etc, by giving a case of the gap between the city and the country. A large-scale field investigation has been carried out referring to the educational statistics published by the state. It has provided the basis for researching on the status quo of the rural education.Chapter 3: Reflect on the educational policies that lead to the imbalance of the educational resources. The move of the educational resources allocation policies since the foundation of China has been reviewed. The mechanism of rural compulsory educational fund allocation and the policy on the education of peasant-workers’children have been discussed deeply. It is pointed that the new mechanism and the educational policy for peasant-workers’children have some problems and deficiencies.Chapter 4: I explore the theory of educational compensation. Educational compensation chronically appears in practice as an ethical assist for educational disadvantaged group. The study researched on it theoretically. Damage compensation and justice maintenance are two essential meanings of educational compensation. The educational compensation is both a notion for educational resources allocation, but a basic principle of educational resources allocation. The government and the society should assume the responsibility of educational compensation for the disadvantaged group. The responsibility is not only ethical, but also jural. The chapter explores the meaning of educational compensation, the value basis of educational compensation, the tenet and the key points of educational compensation.Chapter 5: Building the system of educational compensation. Aimed on promoting the educational development of the disadvantaged group, a compensation system for compulsory educational resources allocation has been designed, which includes the instructional idea for the system design, the principle and the exercisable tactics, and so on.更多还原