【作者】 张莉；

【导师】 梅方权；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 农业经济管理， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 农业科学数据，是农业科技创新的重要支撑，但其使用效率低下、资源重复浪费已成为我国农业科技创新的一个突出制约因素。因此，建立农业科学数据共享服务体系，充分利用现代信息技术实现数据的网络化共享，这对加快我国农业科技发展具有重要意义。本文运用信息管理学、信息经济学、战略管理等相关理论，采用信息分析、系统分析、实证分析方法对农业科学数据共享战略进行了系统研究：系统分析了农业科学数据共享的相关理论问题，包括农业科学数据的概念、性质、特点、分类，以及农业科学数据共享的内涵与特征；同时，系统分析了国际科学数据共享的发展态势、我国农业科学数据共享的现状与存在问题；结合农业科学数据共享的需求分析，提出了中国农业科学数据共享的战略目标和战略对策，并以案例实证研究为农业科学数据共享发展战略提供了支持。在农业科学数据共享领域，本项研究是第一次对农业科学数据共享战略进行全面系统的分析和研究，在以下几个方面进行了创新性探索研究：一是系统地分析了农业科学数据的共享需求。重点分析了不同的用户需求特征以及共享需求变化特征。将数据共享需求用户分为七大类，至少要满足5个方面的需求。“信息网络化”决定着用户对数据资源需求的满足方式和利用形态出现了以下6个方面的变化趋势：共享观念日益更新，对数据类型和数据载体的多元化需求，需求的分散性和不平衡性，共享功能一体化，服务方式个性化，共享服务模式集成化的需求。二是系统地分析了农业科学数据共享系统的结构和功能。系统的结构包括科学数据体系、技术网络体系、标准政策体系和组织机构体系，并形成三级体系结构。共享系统的功能包括开发利用数据资源的功能、保藏与配置数据资源的功能，集散与传播农业科学数据的功能，保障农业科学数据共享应用的功能。对农业科学数据共享系统的构建，包括数据资源系统的建设与整合、组织保障体系建设、政策支持体系与运行机制的构建、共享技术支撑系统的研发与集成等四个方面进行了深入的分析。三是提出了中国农业科学数据共享的战略。战略目标是要实现数字化、网络化、标准化、集成化以及共享服务。提出了推动中国农业科学数据共享的战略对策，包括转变观念、政府主导、政策法规、组织机构和资金保障以及加强信息基础设施建设、数据质量控制、知识产权保护、人才队伍建设、国际合作与交流等。本文还以“国家农业科学数据中心的建设”为案例进行研究，总结了经验并提出一些建议。对于共享系统的效益评价有待于今后继续深入的研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Agricultural scientific data give a strong support to the innovation of agricultural science and technology, but the lower use efficiency and resources wasting have become prominent restraints for the innovation of agricultural science and technology in China. Therefore, it is important to establish the system of agricultural scientific data sharing and realize networking sharing with the application of modern IT for expediting the development of agricultural science and technology.This paper applied related theories, such as information management, information economics and strategic management, and methodology of information analysis, systematic analysis and demonstration to study the development of agricultural scientific data sharing in China. The theoretical issues related to agricultural scientific data sharing were systemically analyzed, including the concept, characteristic and classification of agricultural scientific data, as well as the connotation and feature of data sharing. At the same time, this paper also discussed the development trends of scientific data sharing at international level and the situation and problems of agricultural scientific data sharing in China. Then the strategic objectives and counter measurements were put forward by combining with the demand analysis of data sharing. At last, a case study was conducted to provide support for the strategy of agricultural scientific data sharing.In the field of agricultural scientific data sharing, it was only research on the strategy of agricultural scientific data sharing with systematic analysis. The innovative studies were as follows:1. To systematically analyze sharing demand of agricultural scientific data. The emphasis focused on the analysis of demand characteristic of various users and demand changes. The users are divided seven classes and five kinds of demand need to be meet. Information networking decides the ways in which the users demand is meet and data is used, so there is six changes including the new conception for sharing, multiple demands for data type and data carrier, decentralized and uneven demand, the integration of sharing service function, individuation of service mode and the integration of sharing service mode.2. To systematically analyze the structure and function of sharing system of agricultural scientific data. The structure of sharing system includes scientific data system, technology and network system, standard and policy system, institutional system. The institutional structure of sharing system may be seen as three levels. The functions of system are developing and utilization of data resources, preservation and collocation of data resources, collection and dissemination of agricultural data and ensuring application for sharing. After this, detailed analysis of the construction of sharing system is conducted, including four aspects of construction and integration of resource system, construction of institutional system, construction of policy support system and operation mechanism, research, development and integration of sharing technology system.3. To put forward the strategy of agricultural scientific data sharing in China. The strategic goal is to realize digitalization, networking, standardization, integration and sharing service. And the counter measurements were advanced, including changing conception, government dominant, policy and legislation, institution and budget safeguard, and strengthening construction of information infrastructure, data quality control, intellectual property right protection, talent construction and international exchanges. This study also based on the case study of "the construction of national data center for agricultural sciences" so as to summarize experiences and present some suggestions.Regarding the benefit evaluation of sharing system, it is expected to further study in later time.更多还原