【作者】 朱思红；

【导师】 韩国河；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 中国古代史， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本文是关于秦水资源利用的综合性研究．全文共分五个部分。第一部分引言，简要阐明与本丈有关的两个基本概念(“水资源”和“水利”)、本选题的意义、学术界的研究现状、本文的创新点以及现实意义等。第二部分秦以前中华民族水资源利用的历史回顾，即本文第一章。总结秦以前中华民族对水资源相关知识的积累，以及在此基础上的除水害和兴水利(即水资源利用)的基本情况。秦水资源的开发利用就是在这一传统背景下发展起来的。第三部分秦水资源利用的基本情况和主要成就，包括：第二章、第三章、第四章、第五章和第六章。第二章秦农业对水资源的利用。秦在农业方面对水资源的利用主要表现在为修建水利工程灌溉农田和地下水灌溉两个方面。在水利工程方面主要有：都江堰、郑国渠、灵渠、长渠(白起渠)和富平赵老峪引浑灌溉工程等。利用地下水资源，其主要形式是井灌。对水资源的利用有力促进了秦农业的发展，增强了国力，为统一大业奠定了坚实的基础。第三章秦交通和军事对水资源利用。秦自春秋战国以来，一直重视在交通运输方面对水资源的利用，而且获利匪浅，主要表现在设置津渡、桥梁建设、主要海港的出现、造船业的发展和水运开发，开灵渠与“决通川防”等方面。秦还积极利用水资源进行军事防御、军事进攻，并逐步建立了强大的水师。第四章秦都城对水资源的利用。由于秦地处西北内地，水资源相对有限，所以秦都城在选址上更加注重对水资源的考虑。本章以秦都咸阳城的水资源利用为例展开论述与研究。秦都城水资源利用主要涉及秦的城市选址、布局、供水、城排水、用冰和城市园林用水等方面。第五章秦苑囿用水。秦不仅利用自然水资源在域内设有许多苑囿，而且还在都城咸阳创建了一些大型水景园林，使自然水体在人工利用在人工的作用下化为城市中的一道独特的风景线。秦苑囿的主要职能尽管是供皇帝游乐，然而其中精心设计利用水资源以广种树木花草、蓄养珍禽异兽，尤其是在秦皇家园林中还有很多利用自然资源并经一定人工修造而成的水景，创立了中国古代水景园林的基本模式，具有重要的历史影响。第六章秦陵墓工程对水资源的利用。从目前已知的考古材料可知，秦先公陵园和秦始皇陵园与水资源有着密切的关系。本章以秦始皇陵为例，根据秦始皇陵的最新考古资料，结合相关文献，认为它拥有一个科学而完整水工程系统，这个系统在形式上包括地下和地上两个子系统；在内容上不仅仅局限于排水，而且还考虑到了用水。其工程的体量虽然不及秦的三大水利工程，但它涉及的面广，技术含量高，具有很强的系统性，其意义当不在秦的三大水利工程之下，也是秦的一项大型水工程。第四部分即第七章，秦水资源利用的比较研究。简要论述楚、齐、魏等国水资源利用的概况，总结秦水资源利用的成就特点及其原因，兼论其历史影响与借鉴意义。第五部分结语。总结秦水资源利用的主要成就，并结合相关现实情况，指出秦水资源利用的成就对于我们今天坚持科学发展观和构建和谐社会等具有重要借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper deals with the utilization of water resources by the Qin State in theEastern Zhou Dynasty through the Empire Qin. It consists of five sections whileeachcan be further divided into several chapters.ChapterⅠis the first section. The author offers a discussion on some relevantconceptions, such as the definition of "water resources", "water exploitation" and"water conservancy". In sectionⅡthe paper gives a general review on the watercontrol and utilization before Qin, thus provided a background to a betterunderstanding of Qin water affairs.SectionⅢis the main body of the paper. It is composed of 5 chapters and eachcovers a specific aspect of water utilization by the Qin State and Qin Empire.ChapterⅡwas committed to the observation of applying water resources tocommunication and military affairs by Qin. Ever since establishment of the state,Qin had put much efforts on water resources utilization in transportation andbenefited a lot from this. The Qin State constructed bridges and ferries, and cannaledsome rivers such as Lingqu or Xing’an Canal jointing Xiangjiang in Hunan Provinceand Zhujiang(Pear)River in Guangxi. Besides, Harbors began to be constructed andshipbuilding played an important role in the Empire’s industry. Moreover, watersystems were used to military affairs either in attacking or defending, and graduallythey built formidable water troops.ChapterⅢtalks about the water utilization in farming and fishery. The Qin statehad built irrigation systems through rivers, canals, ditches, and drilling wells, such asDujiangyan Irrigation Systems, Zhengguo Channel, Chang (Baiqi) Channel andthose which name unknown so far. These achievements of exploiting water resourcesto agriculture had effectively strengthened the power of state and laid a strongfoundation for its reunification of China.ChapterⅣdeals with the exploitation of water resources in cities. Since the Qinstate had originated from the northwest China where water resources werecomparatively short, it had to pay more attention to the utilization of water resources.When the Qin People located a city, especially the capital city, enough waterresources had to be taken into consideration. The civil engineering such as planningof the city, water supplying, drainage system and gardening were all concerned.ChapterⅤdiscussed the water exploitation to gardens to gardens and parksoutside the capital city. The Qin monarchs had not only built gardens in the capitalXianyang but some more parks outside the city. The parks were planted with trees,grass, flowers, and rare birds and animals were raised for the leisure of the emperorsand their ministers. Water streams and scenes were ingeniously designed in theseparks, so the Qin had created an early model for the waterscape garden of ancientChina.ChapterⅥinvestigated the exploitation of water resources to the construction ofroyal mausoleum. Archacological data have provided some insights into the relationship between the location and planning of the royal mausoleums and watersystem. The most famous example is the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor-QinShihuang. The water engineering of the mausoleum consisted of 2 subsystems ofchanneling and draining water. The water system was composed of natural strearns,pools, ground and underground canals, and pipe systems. A profound research intothe water system of the First Emperor’s mausoleum helps to not only learn thestructure of the inner core of chamber, but also recognize the underground territory.In SectionⅣ, also ChapterⅦ, comparison research into the practices of waterresources exploitation in Qi, Chu, Wei and other stated of the eastern Zhou(neighbors of Qin). It was clear that the formation of utilizing water resources in Qinand other state differed according to their environmental conditions. There weredifferences and resemblances in the way of their utilization of water resources.SectionⅤis the conclusion of the paper. In this section the author summarizesachievements and the social and natural causes of water resources utilization of theQin People. It is also concluded that the ancient practices in water engineering ismeaningful for the modem world.更多还原