【作者】 杨亮；

【导师】 佟培基；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 中国古典文献学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 宋末元初的舒岳祥、戴表元、袁桷是四明文士群体的代表人物。从南宋度宗咸淳元年(1265)至元泰定帝泰定四年(1327)的62年间,王朝更迭,变化巨大,而此间的历史实际、文士群体命运变化、文坛格局、文学主张、诗文创作实践的变化,在文学史的研究中长期处于被忽略的地位。四明文士群体研究在文学史上很少引起注意,几近处于空白,对其群体研究可以解决宋末元初诗文发展及其走向问题。这一群体具有典型性,在宋末元初的文坛格局中有重要地位。前期四明文士戴表元以四明、杭州等地进行广泛交往,后期四明文士袁桷以大都翰林国史院这一机构发生影响,宋末元初诗文风气的变化及形成过程,其群体在其中起着重要的先导作用,本论文对此进行了全面清理和深层次考察。论文由前言、正文和附录组成。前言部分从时间跨度、地域观念和学派流传三个方面对四明文士群体进行了分析;指出宋末元初的诗文风气变化是由四明文士群体倡导,并发生作用;认为对这一群体的研究可以深入了解宋末元初文坛风气变化的原因、潮流、趋向等诸多问题,是认识元代诗文格局的关键;同时还阐述了本课题相关的前人研究成果,指出了本论文的研究思路及立足点。正文部分由五章组成:第一章探讨四明文士心态及政治倾向,认为宋末元初四明诸子历经亡国之痛,他们对元政权有一个由拒绝到认同的变化过程,其政治倾向代表了当时南宋区域文士的看法,具有典型性。四明文士心态变化反映元廷对南方统治政策的成功。心态的变化,说明南宋遗民的变化。此后与官方采取合作立场、进入权力阶层开始占据了主流。故宋区域的士人就出现这样一种心态,他们在诗歌中多抒发其遗民情节,而在碑记文等文体中对元廷深表认同,表明其合作的政治倾向。第二章从理论背景、诗贵精专、前人诗学资源、袁桷对戴表元诗文理论的继承与发扬四个方面讨论了其派理论。舒岳祥、戴表元、袁桷等人是在对南宋末文风批判的基础之上形成了自己的文学理论主张,其派理论有着一致性和延续性。随着后期四明文士袁桷的影响日益扩大,逐渐被广泛接受,对元代诗文创作产生了重要影响。对其文学主张的发掘可以更好地认识宋末元初诗文风气的流变。此后,逐渐突破晚宋诗文格局的狭窄局面,以汉魏建安、盛唐诗人为学习资源的诗文风气转变也就在这段时期开始形成。第三章讨论了前期四明文士舒岳祥、戴表元的诗歌与散文。分析其诗歌成就的同时也指出了他们的理论认识和诗歌创作相脱离的现象。宋亡之后,他们的诗歌创作成为寻求人生内在自由和体验的一种方式,因而逐渐摆脱了功利性目的。在分析戴表元散文创作成就时,指出了其历史地位和影响,认为戴表元为辞赋所做的努力体现了宋末元初辞赋风向的转变,他正处于这个转变的转折点。视角内转使戴表元在辞赋的哲理思考与拓展上有所发展,这也是其辞赋的主要特点之一。第四章以元代翰林国史院为切入点,研究当时文士之间的相互交往及其诗文活动。翰林国史院机构设置、人员组成、机构功能、文士活动及其与文学的关系的研究可以拓展元代诗文研究的空间。四明文士袁桷有长期在翰林国史院任职的经历,对翰林国史院职能及文士活动的研究可以更好地理清四明文士在大都的影响。第五章对后期四明文士袁桷的诗文活动进行了深入研究。其诗歌清新自然而又不失绮丽,他在诗歌创作中所进行的努力对形成元人诗歌创作风貌无疑有着重要的意义。袁桷的翰林国史院文士生涯使他接触了国内南北文士精英,文士之间的唱和应答、精神上的相互砥砺,使他在诗歌创作上融合南北诗风,温和绵邈而又不失典雅。对元代散文格局的认识可以更好地考察南士文风在元代由南到北影响逐渐扩大的过程,因其在翰林国史院任职,其文风更多地继承欧阳修温和清丽,婉而多讽的风格。此后,南方文士袁桷以其在大都文坛的领袖地位倡导了这一文风,并使之居于主流。可以看出,袁桷是虞集、黄溍、欧阳玄等著名文士的先导，因而袁桷在元代散文创作中无疑具有重要地位。附录部分为四明文士活动编年,目前对南士群体及其活动的编年研究仍是空白。本研究包括了四明文士群体人物的生平大概、创作与学术活动、群体之间相互交往,揭示了宋末元初的诗文产生的实际过程,为系统地研究四明文士的心理和诗文创作过程提供了可信的材料。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study of the Siming Scholar group was mainly focused on Shu Yuexiang, Dai Biaoyuan and Yuan Jue in the transitional period from the late Song Dynasty to the early Yuan Dynasty. Emperors and dynasties changed frequently at the period from the first year of Xian Chun at Emporor Duzong’s reign of the Southern Song Dynasty (1264) to the fourth year of Tai Ding at Emperor Taiding’s Reign of the Yuan Dynasty (1327). Researches on the literary history in those 62 years were neglected in the following aspects: the historical status, the changes of the scholar’s fate, pattern of the literary world, literary activities and the changes of prose and poetry writing. Documents show that the study on the Siming Scholars is nearly vacant. The Siming Scholars held a very important position in the pattern of literary world. Studying this typical group of scholars can interpret the issues related to the tendency of poetry and prose in the transitional period from the late Song Dynasty to the early Yuan Dynasty.The introductory part of this dissertation is a general review on the group of Siming Scholars. The other parts present the background of the Imperial Academy. The author mainly discusses stylistic change of poetry and prose in the Yuan Dynasty, the formation of the poetic style and the leading effect of the Siming Scholars.This thesis consists of an introductory part, the body and the appendix.The introductory part analyzes the Siming Scholars from the aspects of duration, regional concepts and the school transmission. It points out that the change of poetic style was led and influenced by the Siming scholars at the late Song Dynasty and the early Yuan Dynasty. The author thinks that the study of this group will show the reason of the literary style changing in that period. It is the key of learning the poetic style of Yuan Dynasty. This part also presents the findings of the researchers of the earlier generations, and points out the research scheme and stances of this dissertation.The body is composed of five chapters:Chapter One discusses the mentality and the political inclination of the Siming Scholars. The author thinks that the Siming Scholars share the experience of first refusing and then accepting the Yuan Government. This chapter also explores the political inclination of the Siming Scholars, since it is related to the style of poetry. Chapter Two presents the literary theory of the Siming Scholars. This chapter analyzes the literary theories proposed by Shu Yuexiang, Dai Biaoyuan and Yuan Jue, etc. Their theories have consistency and continuity. With the influence of Yuan Jue, their theory was accepted gradually by the people. Through exploring their theoretical proposals, the chapter overviews the change of the poetic style from the late Song Dynasty to the early Yuan Dynasty.Chapter Three is concentrated on the study of the poems by Shu YueXiang and Dai Biaoyuan. The influence of poems written by Shu YueXiang and Dai Biaoyuan was less important than that of their theory. Their poems are a kind of manner in seeking the freedom and experience of life. The chapter also analyzes the essays of Dai Biaoyuan and points out his status and influence in history.Chapter Four discusses the functions of Imperial Academy and the activities of Scholars. This chapter explores Yuan Jue’s activities in the later period. It is very significant, from the perspective of the Imperial Academy of Yuan Dynasty, to study the relation between the scholars at that time. Since Yuan Jue was a member of Imperial Academy for a long time, so the study of the functions of the Imperial Academy and the activities of the scholars is very important. This chapter attempts to explore the organization, the members and the functions of the Imperial Academy. It also studies the activities of the scholars, and even the relationship between these activities and the literature.Chapter Five is the study on Yuan Jue’s poems and prose. Yuan Jue embodies the turn from Siming to Da Du with the means of his poems. The style of his poems is not only fresh, chaste but also ornate. His poetry is very significant in the forming of the Yuan People’s style of poem. The author thinks that Yuan Jue’s career in the Imperial Academy and his association with the famous scholars help him to obtain this achievement.The knowledge of the prose structure of the Yuan Dynasty helps to make clear the influence of the style of Southern Scholars. Since Yuan Jue held a post in the Imperial Academy for a long time, he inherited the style of Ouyang Xiu that was mild in tone but deriding. After that, the style proposed by Yuan Jue played an important role in the Imperial Academy. So the author thinks that Yuan Jue is a significant person in the history of the essay writing.This dissertation puts the chronology of the Siming scholars in the appendix, including their life stories and social intercourse within the group. But the gap of the study of the group of Southern Scholars and their academic activities, especially the detailed issues is still left to fill.更多还原