【作者】 刘若冰；

【导师】 田景春； 蔡勋育；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 沉积学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 20多年前，一些地球化学家估计，生物气约占全球天然气资源的20％，即世界已发现的天然气储量66.4×10¹²m³的20％以上是生物成因的，甚至可以达到25％～30％。在全球22个巨型气田中，8个属于生物气气田。目前，俄罗斯、美国、中国、墨西哥湾、意大利、加拿大、日本等数十个国家和地区分布着大量的生物气田。特别是近年来随深部生物圈研究程度的不断深入，发现微生物赋存深度大、活动时间长，生物气储量比以前预计的要高。因此，不少专家预测，未来天然气勘探在很大程度上依赖于生物成因气的发现。中国中、新生代陆相沉积盆地多，富含Ⅱ～Ⅲ型有机质，具有生物气形成的较好地质条件。生物气资源量在第二次资评中为2.8×10¹²m³，占全国53×10¹²m³天然气资源量的5.3％，这是具有一定战略价值的天然气勘探新领域。我国已在柴达木盆地东部三湖地区、南海大陆架莺—琼盆地发现了一批规模巨大的生物成因气田，在云南等中国南方的中、新生代盆地也广泛分布着生物成因气田，显示我国丰富的生物气资源前景。本博士学位论文按照含油气盆地油气系统成盆、成烃、成藏的技术路线，在曲靖盆地形成的区域地质背景、构造演化的基础上，通过地层划分与对比、地震相分析及层位标定，建立等时地层层序格架及盆地充填序列；深化盆地未成熟生物气源岩的评价与认识，寻找有效的未成熟生物气源岩地球化学评价指标和相应的高效气源岩；通过盆地构造特征与沉积体系、沉积相研究，总结、预测有利的圈闭类型及有利的储集体分布。最后，结合国内外类似浅层未成熟生物气田的地质特征、成藏条件、成藏规律及曲靖盆地已探明的两个典型生物气藏地质特征，综合分析研究浅层生物气的生成控制因素，以及圈闭、储层、盖层、保存、运移输导等成藏条件，并在研究生物气运聚史与成藏模式的基础上，总结和探讨曲靖陆相第三系残留型断陷盆地浅层生物气成藏富集规律。因此，本博士学位论文所完成的研究内容对于曲靖盆地乃至世界其它地区生物气藏的勘探、开发具有重要的理论借鉴意义和现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Over years ago, some geochemists estimated that the bio-gas reserves accountedfor about 20% of global natural gas resources, in other words, more than 20% of 66.4×10¹²m³ of natural gas reserves found is biogenic in the world, even reach 25% to30%. Eight of twenty-two giant gas fields of the globe are biogenic.At present, large amounts of biogenic gas fields are distributed in dozens ofcountries and regions of Russia, the United States, China, the Gulf of Mexico, Italy,Canada, Japan, etc. Especially with the continuously further study of the deepbiosphere in recent years, it has found microbes existence depth, long-time activities,and bio-gas reserves to be higher than previously estimated. Therefore, many expertspredict that the natural gas exploration in the future largely depends on biogenic gasdiscoveries.There are many Mesozoic and Cenozoic continental sedimentary basins in China,enriched in organic matterⅡ-Ⅲ, better geologic setting of forming biogenic gases.Biogenic gas resources in the second resource assessment are 2.8×10¹²m³, whichaccounted for 5.3% of 53×10¹²m³ of the total amount of natural gas resources. This isa new field of the natural gas exploration with certain strategic value. A number oflarge-scale biogenic gas fields have been found in three-lake area in the eastern part ofthe Qaidam Basin and Ying-Qiong basin of South China Sea continental shelf.Biogenic gas fields are widely distributed in Mesozoic and Cenozoic basins likeYunnan Province etc., south of China, which indicate prospect of abundant bio-gasresources.According to technical routine of forming basin, hydrocarbon source rocks andreservoirs of oil and gas basin systems, based on the regional geological background and tectonic evolution in Qujing Basin, Through the stratigraphic classification andcorrelation, seismic facies analysis and identification of horizon, the isochronousstratigraphic sequence framework and basin fill sequence are established in this thesis;Deepened evaluation and understanding of immature source rocks to search for theeffective indexes of geochemical evaluation of them and the correspondinghigh-efficiency gas source rocks; The studies of tectonic characteristics, sedimentsystems and sedimentary facies of the basin to predict the advantageous trap types andreservoir distribution. Finally, combined the geological characteristics, reservoirconditions and formed reservoir rules of the domestic and overseas similar shallowimmature biogenic gas fields, and the geological characteristics of the two typicalbiogenic gas reservoirs that have been proved in Qujing Basin, to comprehensivelyanalyse and study the controlling factors of the formation of shallow biogenic gasesand the reservoir formed conditions of the traps, reservoirs, overlying formation,preservation, migration pathway, etc., and based on studying the migrated andaccumulated history and reservoirs formed model of biogenic gases, to summarizeand probe into the rules of reservoirs formed and enrichments of the shallow biogenicgases in Qujing Basin which belongs to continental,Tertiary, remnent andrift-subsidence basin.Therefore, the contents and achievements accomplished in this PhD thesis wouldbe great theoretical, practical and reference significance for the exploration anddevelopment of the biogenic gas reservoirs of Qujing Basin and even other areas ofthe world.更多还原