【作者】 吴彬；

【导师】 董新光； 姜卉芳； 杨鹏年；

【作者基本信息】 新疆农业大学 ， 水利水电工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 石河子市位于准噶尔盆地南缘,玛纳斯河西岸,是新疆重要的粮棉基地和天山北坡经济带的重要枢纽,其城市生活和工业用水主要依靠地下水供给。随着玛纳斯河灌区半个多世纪的发展,灌溉引水量不断增大,河道过水量减少,地下水的补给来源大量减少。而石河子市从20世纪50年代开始开发利用地下水,随着城市规模的扩大,工农业的发展,地下水开采量不断增长。近几年,随着石河子经济技术开发区升格为国家级开发区,电力能源、化工、纺织工业迅猛发展,工业用水猛增,工业发展与水资源、水环境之间的矛盾日益突出。据2005年调查,市区的地下水已经处于严重超采状态。为此,如何认识地下水系统演化规律,确定合适的地下水开采原则,科学合理开发利用地下水资源,保障城市供水安全和保护城市生态环境,保持经济的可持续发展,是石河子市当前面临的一个重要问题。本文系统地研究了前人丰富的水文地质和水资源开发利用资料,开展了现场水文地质调查、勘探和试验工作,取得了石河子市最新的地下水流场、水化学场等基础资料。本文在对研究区地下水系统特征详细分析的基础上,建立了研究区地下水流动系统,以及水文地质概念模型和数值模型,进行了地下水均衡计算和预测分析。利用数值模型和研究区近50年不同阶段的地下水开发利用资料,恢复了开采初期地下水自然状态,分析在人工干预下,不同时期(不同开采阶段),地下水系统(含水层系统、源汇项、地下水流场)的演化规律;预测在现状超采状态下,地下水系统的发展变化趋势及由此引发的水环境效应;确定了超采条件下地下水的开采原则和地下水资源涵养保护方案。并系统总结了内陆干旱区山前带地下水资源的计算评价方法。本文研究的主要成果及创新点有:(1)建立了石河子市地下水流动系统和分析干旱区山前地下水流动系统特征方法;(2)研究区地下水总补给量为1.6732×10~8m~3/a,地下水总排泄量为2.0341×10~8m~3/a,均衡差为-0.3609×10~4m~3/a,为负均衡;(3)地下水流场的演变主要表现为地下水位下降,等水位线向东南偏转、后退和在集中开采区形成降落漏斗,地下水流向发生小角度、小范围偏转,地下水水力梯度变小,人工开采对地下水流场的影响程度由南到北逐渐变弱;(4)由于地下水超采,水位持续下降,已影响城市供水安全;(5)开展了跨边界(不同的行政单元)含水层地下水分水比例定量研究,玛纳斯河河道入渗补给量的59.82%径流到了西岸石河子地区;(6)利用已建立的地下水数值模型反演,重建了地下水自然循环状态;(7)提出了研究区新的地下水开采原则,即以一定的下降速率(不同规划水平年的地下水位)来控制地下水开采量,实行统一管理,分散开采。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Shihezi City is located in the south of Jungar basin and the west coast of Manas river. It is the important base of agriculture and industry in Xinjiang. The water supply for city life and industry depends on groundwater resources. With the development of irrigation area in Manas river for 50 years, irrigation water demand increaces continuously, channel inflow decreases, and the recharge of groundwater is decreases continuously.The groundwater exploitation has been increased greatly with the enlarge of city and development of industry since the 1950s. In recent years, with the Shihezi economic-technique development area upgrade to state class, it has rapidly development, such as the electric power, chemical engineering and spinning enterprise and so on. The increase of industry water supply led to more and more environment problems. Base on investigation in 2005, the groundwater has been ovedrafted. Therefore, how to know the evolution pattern of groundwater system, how to assure the principle for mining, how to use groundwater resources sustainably, how to guaranty supply water safely and protect environment , these problems are very important and must be deal with on edge.Not only collect rich data of hydrogeology and groundwater resources, but also do investigation, prospecting and pumping-out test in field, obtaining the latest date of groundwater flow field and chemistry field. Based on the analysis of groundwater system characteristic in Shihezi city, and establishing the flow field of groundwater, hydrogeology model and numerical model, The quantity and quality of groundwater resources were simulated and predicted. using the numerical model and groundwater data for fifty years to comeback nature state of groundwater, to analysis the change laws of groundwater system(including aquifer system, recharge and discharge system, flow system), to predict the variety trend of groundwater system and environmental impact on overdraft exploited, to assure the groundwater exploiting principle and groundwater resources protected plan. This paper systematically summarized the methed for estimating groundwater resources in piedmont of arid area. Some main results and innovation points are following:(1) Divided the groundwater flow system of Shihezi city and established the method to analyze the groundwater system characteristic in the arid area. (2) The total recharge of groundwater is 1.6732×10~8m~3/a, the total discharge groundwater is 2.0341×10~8m~3/a, the result of water budget is -0.3609×10~8m~3/a (3) The change processes of groundwater system show hydraulic head decrease, hydraulic head contours deflect, retreat toward to southeast and be form drawdown funnel in intensive exploitable area. The flow direction deflect a small angle and small scope,and hydraulic gradient diminish. The influence degree to groundwater system for exploiting becomes weak gradually from south to north. (4) Because the groundwater overdraft lead to groundwater water level descends continuously, the safety for water supply of city has been affected. (5)To study the distributive rate of cross-border aquifer, the 59.82% of river recharge flows to shihezi region in Manas river West coast.(6) Use of groundwater numerical model Restored groundwater natural state.(7) Put forward a new principle for groundwater exploitation in the study area, which controls exploitation by the certain rate of descent for realizing unified management and separated exploitation.更多还原