《广弘明集》研究

【作者】 刘林魁；

【导师】 张弘；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 道宣是南山律宗开山之祖，著有多部佛学著作。《广弘明集》是其编纂的佛教思想文献集。全书三十卷，收录一百三十余人的一百八十多篇文章。这些文章是研究汉魏以至唐初社会、历史、宗教、文化的第一手文献。但《广弘明集》成书于佛、道争论异常激烈的唐高宗时期，有明确的弘法护教的宗教目的。此一宗教动机，影响了《广弘明集》辑录文献的态度和文献的客观性。因此，本论文是对《广弘明集》所收录文献进行辨伪存真的工作，其次才探讨文献所包含的文化内容。论文前四章基本围绕《广弘明集》辑录文献的客观性这一问题展开。涉及道宣的籍贯和宗教活动，《广弘明集》版本、资料来源和编纂体例、思想，以及《广弘明集》辑录三教论争文献的真伪。在文献和历史相结合的考察中，论文认为，《广弘明集》的前十五卷集中收录了有关三教论争的文献。在唐初三朝道先佛后的宗教政策和佛道论争日渐激烈的宗教生态中，《广弘明集》的成书同时受到客观求真和主观作伪两种因素的影响。因此，前十五卷的文章既具有相当大的文献价值，又存在佛教徒篡改和故意误读的痕迹。这一部分文献，使用时需慎重。论文后两章主要从《广弘明集》辑录文献探讨南北朝时期的宗教史和佛教与文学的关系。其中涉及北周灭佛后的佛教活动、夷夏之辨与隋前佛经翻译版本、南朝的佛道论、佛教与宫体、佛教苦谛思想对中古文学的影响、佛教降魔文等等。论文认为，北周灭佛后的佛教活动三教融汇对隋唐时期佛教的发展有重要影响；隋前佛经传译中不分胡本、梵本与华夷之辨的观念有密切联系；佛教观念对宫体诗的兴盛影响极大；佛教苦谛观念对中古悲苦文风的形成和演变有重要影响；佛教降魔文具有多重文化价值。论文主要采用文献的和历史的研究方法，辨伪去妄，求真存实。《广弘明集》辑录文献数量众多，内容丰富。对《广弘明集》的个案研究，有待于继续深入。更多还原

【Abstract】 Daoxuan was the forefather of the Vinaya school of the southern mountain who wrote many Buddhism works. Guang hongmingji is a work of Buddhism thoughts document collections compiled by him. It includes more than 30 volumes, 180 articles written by more than 130 authors. These articles give us the first hand materials for studying society, history, religion and culture from Wei through earlier Tang dynasty. But Guang hongmingji, came into a book in the period of Gaozong when the dispute between Buddhism and Taoism was very intense, bore an explicit responsibility to teach and protect Buddhism. This influenced the attitude and objectivity of the compiling of the work. For this, my thesis will firstly distinguish the true from the false in the materials collected in Guang hongmingji, and probe into the cultural contents of the work secondly.The first four chapters basically discuss about the objectivity of the materials in Guang hongmingji, including native place and religious activity of Daoxuan, versions, resources, stylistic rules and layout of Guang hongmingji, as well as the the genuineness of those materials about the dispute of the three religions in Guang hongmingji. By combining the documents and history together, the thesis thinks Guang hongmingji collected materials about the dispute between the three religions in the first fifteen volumes. In the period of the first three emperors in earlier Tang, under the policy of putting Taoism before Buddhism and the situation of the dispute between Buddhism and Taoism getting more and more fierce, the compiling of Guang hongmingji got influences both from seeking the truth objectively and making forging subjectively. Therefore, the first fifteen volumes of the work have much higher value for reference, and at the meanwhile, have traces of interpolating and deliberate misreading by Buddhists. This part of documents should be used prudently.The last two chapters of the thesis will discuss about history of Southern and Northern Dynasty and relation between Buddhism and Literature by studying the materials collected in Guang hongmingji, including Buddhism activities after extinguishing of Buddhism in Northern Zhou, the differentiation between Cathay and Barbarians and translation versions Buddhism classics, dispute between Buddhism and Taoism in Southern Dynasty, Buddhism and Gong Style, influence on middle-age Literature by Buddhism Dukkha, Buddhism classics for subduing demons, etc. The thesis thinks that the merging of three religions after the extinguishing of Buddhism in Northern Zhou had an important influence on the development of Buddhism in the period of Sui and Tang Dynasty; The fact of no distinguish between Hu and Sanskrit versions of translation of Buddhism classics before Sui dynasty is closely related with the concept of the differentiation between Cathay and Barbarians; Idea of Buddhism exerted tremendous influence on the prosperousness of Gong Style Poem; The idea of Buddhism Dukkha had an important influence on the formation and development of middle-age suffering style of writing; Buddhism classics for subduing demons have multiple cultural values.Adopted a combining documental and historical method of study, the thesis aims to distinguish the false from the true. As Guang hongmingji is numerous in quantity of documents and rich in contents, further study of individual cases still has to waiting for.更多还原