【作者】 陈静；

【导师】 张道宏；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 政治经济学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 改革开放以来，外商在华直接投资逐年增长，推动了我国国民经济的快速发展。但与此同时，随着中国政府进一步放宽对外商投资领域和投资方式的限制，外资的进入方式也发生了重大变化。上世纪九十年代以前，跨国公司在华直接投资的方式主要以中外合作、中外合资经营为主，自九十年代中期以来，以外商独资经营投资的金额和数量不断上升，到了本世纪初，独资企业无论是在新增投资金额还是在新增数量上都超过了合资企业，成为中国引进外商直接投资的主要方式。另一方面，原来成立的合资企业外方也通过增资扩股实现对企业的控制权，同时，外商还通过跨国并购直接成立独资公司或取得对企业的控制权。中国引进外商直接投资呈现明显的“独资化”趋势。中国引进FDI呈现的独资化趋势不仅给参与经营的微观经济主体以及关联企业带来深刻的影响，而且也在宏观上对中国引资目的和引资的外溢效应产生重大影响。因而，本文从分析国际直接投资基本理论出发，按照“制度变迁理论—中国引进FDI的制度变迁——中国FDI变迁的特征——变迁原因的新制度经济学分析”的基本分析思路，从分析制度变迁入手，指出中国引进外商直接投资的制度变迁是一种渐进式强制供给性制度变迁，并分析了FDI制度变迁过程中的两个特征——引资政策的“渐进式”模式和引资方式的“独资化”趋势，外资政策的变迁决定了引资方式的变迁，但引资方式的变迁又诱发了对新制度的需求，产生了需求诱致性的制度变迁。基于新制度经济学的视角分析，谈判结构的减少与交易成本的降低是中国引进外商直接投资制度变迁的主要原因。从谈判结构的角度看，中外合资时代与外商独资时代面临着不同的谈判结构，合资时代是一种三维的谈判结构，涉及到跨国公司、国内企业、政府这三方面，由于各自利益的不同，不可避免地存在的各种冲突。中外合资企业的内部冲突及双方对控制权的争夺带来了合资企业的不稳定性，而交易成本的降低与交易效率的提高必然引起投资方式的变迁。外商直接投资的制度变迁对中国经济发展的影响总体说来是利大于弊，但FDI的制度变迁对中国经济造成许多不容忽视的负面影响，如威胁国家经济安全、减少中国税收收入、侵吞中方合资者利益、国有资产流失、加剧地区结构和产业结构的不平衡等负面影响。针对引进FDI中出现的负面影响，论文提出应对策略：一是政府的角度来看，要转变政府职能，构建有中国特色的中性化外资政策；创造内、外资平等的竞争环境；加强对跨国公司的监管。二是从企业的角度而言，要提高企业自身的核心竞争力；注重培育和保护自己的品牌；组建内资企业联盟，整合产业链；走出去、实现FDI的双向发展等对策性建议。本文可能的创新点在于：①体系框架创新。本文试图从理论到实践上构架一个研究中国引进FDI的新体系，在介绍和评价国内外FDI理论的基础上提出用新制度经济学的分析方法来研究我国引进FDI，通过对我国引进FDI制度变迁的特征分析，揭示了我国引进FDI制度变迁的原因，并分析了FDI变迁对中国经济带来的负面影响，提出了应对策略。这种框架结构体现了研究的综合性和实用性。②在外商直接投资政策方面，增进了对我国外商直接投资政策演变全貌和规律的认识。本文通过分析中国引进外资政策的制度变迁，从区域政策、产业政策、税收政策这三方面指出了我国外资政策的“渐进式”演进模式的特点。③从动态研究视角，将我国引进外商直接投资的过程划分为中外合资时代和外商独资时代，指出中国引进FDI呈现了“独资化”趋势，并从新制度经济学的视角，从谈判结构与交易成本两个方面分析了外商直接投资制度变迁的原因。④在分析我国FDI政策变迁的基础上，结合中国加入WTO的实际，提出了今后我国外资政策调整的目标应是构建有中国特色的中性化外资政策，对于我国外资政策的研究、制定和实施具有较强的指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the reform and open policy, FDI has grown year by year in China, impelled our country national economy fast development. But at the same time, further relaxed along with the Chinese government to the foreign investment domain and the investment way limit, the foreign capital mode of entry has also had the tremendous change. On before century 90’s, Joint venture management is the primarily way, since the 90’s intermediate stages, the foreign sole ownership management unceasingly has risen by investment amount and the quantity, to the beginning of, sole-source investment enterprise surpass the joint capital enterprise, and becomes the fundamental mode in Chinese introduction foreign merchant direct investment regardless of is in increases the investment amount or in increases in the quantity .On the other hand, the foreigner increased the capital to expand the stock realization to enterprise’s domination, the foreign merchant also through transnational and buys directly had been established the sole ownership company or obtains to enterprise’s domination. The Chinese introduction FDI obviously presents "the sole ownership" the tendency.The sole ownership tendency in FDI brings the profound influence not only to participate in the management the microscopic economic subject as well as the connection enterprise ,moreover have the significant influence in on macroscopic brings in foreign capital the overflow effect to China which the goal and brings in foreign capital. Thus, this article embarks from the analysis the elementary theory of FDI, according to system of "the theory of institutional vicissitude—FDI vicissitude of China—FDI vicissitude characteristic—new system economic analysis of vicissitude reason s", pointed out the Chinese introduction FDI system vicissitude is one kind advances gradually the type to force supplies system vicissitude, and analyzed in the FDI system vicissitude process two characteristics—brings in foreign capital the policy "to advance gradually the type" the pattern and brings in foreign capital the way "the sole ownership" the tendency, foreign capital policy vicissitude had decided the way vicissitude, on the other hand, the way vicissitude induce to the new system demand, it demands system vicissitude. Based on the new system economic angle of view analysis, the negotiations structure reduction and transaction cost reducing is the Chinese introduction foreign merchant direct investment system vicissitude main reason. Looked from the negotiations structure, the chinese-foreign joint venture time and the foreign sole ownership time are facing the different negotiations structure, the joint capital time is one kind of three dimensional negotiations structure, involve to the multinational corporation, the domestic enterprise, the government, as a result of respective benefit difference, each kind of conflict which inevitably exists. The chinese-foreign joint venture enterprise’s internal conflict and both sides capture to the domination have brought the joint capital enterprise’s instability, but transaction cost reducing inevitably caused investment way vicissitude with the transaction efficiency enhancement.Foreign direct investment system vicissitude mentions to the Chinese economy development influence overall is the advantage is bigger than the shortcoming, but FDI system vicissitude has many not allow to neglect negative influences to the Chinese economy, like the threat state economy security, reduces the Chinese tax revenue in come, embezzles Chinese joint capital benefit, the state asset drains, intensifies the local structure and the industrial structure is unreasonable and so on the negative influence. In view of introduces the negative influence which in FDI appears, the paper proposes should to the strategy: One is government’s change it’s function, constructs has the Chinese characteristic the neutrality foreign capital policy; In creation, foreign capital equality competition environment; And strengthen supervising with FDI. Two, says from enterprise’s angle, must enhance the enterprise own core competitive ability; cultivates and protects own brand; Sets up the domestic capital enterprise alliance and the conformity industry chain; Goes out, realizes FDI counter measure suggestion and so on bidirectional development.This article possible have four innovations :①System frame innovation. This article attempts a new system from the theory to practice , propose studies our FDI with the new system economic analysis method in introduced and appraises the domestic and foreign FDI theory, through introducing FDI system vicissitude and the characteristic analysis, promulgated the reason of FDI system vicissitude, and has analyzed negative influence FDI vicissitude which brought to the Chinese economy, proposed the strategy. This kind of portal frame construction has manifested the research comprehensive nature and the usability.②In the foreign direct investment policy aspect, promoted evolved complete and the rule understanding to our country FDI policy. This article analyzes the Chinese capital policy system vicissitude, from the region policy, the industrial policy, the tax policy aspects had pointed out our country foreign capital policy "advances gradually the type" the evolution pattern characteristic.③The driven condition research angle of view, divide FDI into the chinese-foreign joint venture time and the foreign sole ownership time, pointed out China introduced FDI to present "the sole ownership" tendency, has analyzed the foreign direct investment system vicissitude reason from the negotiations structure and the transaction cost two aspects.④proposed the next our country foreign capital policy adjustment goal should be constructs the neutrality foreign capital policy of Chinese characteristic, joining with WTO the reality, it will have the stronger instruction significance in regarding the future policy research, formulation and implementation.更多还原