【作者】 易凌；

【导师】 赵达生； 吴乐山；

【作者基本信息】 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院 ， 军事预防医学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 为了探讨PhD培养模式系统的规律，提出优化我国生物医学PhD培养模式、提高培养质量的对策建议，本研究阐述了PhD培养模式以及各组成要素的概念与内涵；进行了国内外生物医学PhD培养模式的历史与现状的比较研究和国内外案例调查和分析；深入探讨了PhD培养模式系统的结构、功能、环境、演化特征和发展趋势；分析了生物医学PhD培养模式的特点，提出若干优化我国生物医学PhD培养模式的对策建议。培养模式是由培养理念、培养目标、培养主体、培养客体和培养方式五个要素通过自组织作用，自发产生在时间、空间和功能上稳定的有序结构。国内外生物医学PhD培养模式的历史沿革大体经历教学型、研究型和复合型三个阶段；法、英、德、美、俄是原生型国家，日、中(包括大陆、台湾和香港)是继生型国家；培养模式各要素呈现如下的共性特征：培养理念均起主导作用、培养目标基本一致、培养主客体均受重视并加强互动和培养方式内在趋同形式多样。培养模式系统处于政治、经济和文化环境之中，形成多元素、多层次的有序结构。其中，理念子系统具有导向功能，主体子系统具有实体功能，运作子系统具有实现功能；系统整体涌现出认识主体、教育实体和文化载体功能。其演化具有分形特征，自组织与他组织特征以及线性与非线性特征。我国生物医学PhD培养模式的优化建议，包括培养理念由知识传授型转变为研究创新型；培养目标是成为复合型人才；导师资格应坚守学术水准，放宽职称限制，指导方式以小组制为宜；生源背景不应限于生物学或医学硕士研究生，招生方式注重科研素质和潜力；课程设置应针对生物医学PhD的特点，提倡研讨会教学，学制弹性范围为3～6年，论文要求坚持创新性，在不同阶段实施淘汰制。同时营造一个自由、宽松的环境氛围，以促进培养模式系统的自组织作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research aims at systematically reviewing the structure, function, environment, evolutionary characters and developmental trend of the PhD training model system, for the purpose of finding inherent pattern and bringing forward some practical suggestions on the training model of biomedical PhDs in China.The whole dissertation includes 5 parts: Concept and definition of the PhD training model and its elements; Comparative study on historical developmental process and the current state of the training model of oversea and domestic biomedical PhDs; Case investigation and analysis; The structure, function, environment, evolutionary characters and developmental trend of the PhD training model system; suggestions on the training model of biomedical PhDs in China.The training model involves the idea, aim, subject, object and mode, which bring about a steady structure by self-organization. Evolutionary process of the training model of foreign and domestic biomedical PhDs generally went through stages of teaching orientation, research orientation and all around orientation. France, England, German, America and Russia are the countries where the training model of PhD originated. While, the PhD training model in both Japan and China, including mainland, Taiwan and Hongkong was transplanted from the above countries. The PhD training model system evolves in environment of politics, economics and culture and takes on characters of fractal, self-organization & hetero-organization and linearity & non-linearity. The idea subsystem acts as a guide. The subject subsystem serves as a entity. The motion subsystem plays a role as fulfilling function. As a whole, the PhD training model system bring about functions of cognitional subject, educational entity and cultural carrier.In China, orientation of the training idea firstly should be transformed from imparting to innovating in order to optimize the training model of biomedical PhDs. Secondly, a high level of mentors’ qualifications should be maintained and mentor group should be adopted as the guiding mode. Thirdly, more attention should be paid to multi-discipline background and scientific research potential of biomedical PhD candidates. Fourthly, more courses of interdiscipline and social sciences should be set and seminars should be highly advocated. Length of schooling should be elastic from 3 to 6 years. Dissertations should be innovative and some candidates should be eliminated through examination and selection. Finally, a free environmental atmosphere should be built around the training model system to promote its effect of self-organization.更多还原