【作者】 马翠兰；

【导师】 彭南生；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2007， 博士

【副题名】以中央信托局汉口分局为讨论中心（1945-1949年）

【摘要】 本文以目前史学界研究较为薄弱的信托业为选题，以中央信托局汉口分局为讨论中心，通过考察汉口分局存放款、购料易货、保险、仓储、信托、房地产等业务，论述了其在1940年代国共内战的战争时期，与社会生产、民众生活、教育、新闻报社等的密切关系，通过对各企业、机关的资金支持、安全保障、捐款援助，发挥了重要的融资、筹资功能。因处于战争环境中，国民政府财政赤字严重，汉口分局等金融业不得不承担起解决政府财政赤字、为政府垫拨款项的重任，颠覆了企业合法经营、依法纳税的基本职能，而扭曲为无所不能的救世主，这不能不说是战时社会各企业的不幸和悲哀。本文分三大部分：绪论、正文和结语。绪论部分对本课题的研究现状作了详细分析，指出选题的意义、创新点、重难点和切入点，并对相关概念作了简要阐释。正文包括五章。第一章简要回顾了中国近代信托业的发展历史，认为近代中国信托业发展缓慢，先天不足，一诞生就走上了投机的道路，由于缺乏必要的法律约束和制度规范，信托业对比于银行、保险业，远远没有成熟，与现代意义的信托投资相去甚远。第二章是“由外而内”，即阐述整个国民政府的“大环境”和武汉地方社会的“小环境”对汉口分局的影响及汉口分局对政局动荡、通货膨胀、物资短缺、政府金融管制的战时社会的应对。在四联总处的监督管理下、在总局的统筹规划下，汉口分局积极配合政府接收敌伪物资、稳定金融市场、兑换伪币、改革币制、维护法币、金圆券流通的种种政策。在业务开展中，面对有限的资源，与在汉其它六行局库及武汉地方金融业既有密切的合作，也有激烈的竞争。第三、四、五章则是“由内而外”，即通过对汉口分局自身业务的考察，论述其对社会各方面产生的影响。认为其信贷业务的开展，改善了工商企业特别是国营企业的融资环境，通过贷款、直接投资等方式使那些资金匮乏的企业、学校、机关、报社等在艰难的战时环境里得以生存和发展；各种保险业务的开展则为民生日用必需品的运销提供了安全保障，通过对遇险保户的保险赔付，转移了他们的灾难风险；通过代理政府及各部门购办米粮、布匹等，平价配售，资助交通运输等公用事业建设等，对平抑物价、改善民生起了积极作用；垫付公教人员薪津，维持了广大工薪阶层的基本生活；对各界索要和强捐硬派及各种公益事业力所能及地予以资助，更有甚者，还担负起筹款训练警卫、维护社会治安的政府职能，形成了角色的错位。结语部分对中国近代信托业的地位作用、功能及近代信托业的发展对当代信托业的借鉴和启示作了总结。认为近代中国信托业是名实不符的金融业大杂烩，在社会生产、民众生活中地位独特，并发挥了积极的作用；因身处政局动荡、通货膨胀、制度缺失的非常时期，又承担了太多的社会职能，不能健康、正常发展；由此认为无论古今中外，政治的稳定，法律制度的健全，民众的参与、支持是信托业存在、发展不可缺少的条件。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study of trust is one of the most vulnerable parts in the history of modern Chinese economy. This thesis takes Hankow Branch of Central Trust as the central part of this discussion. This thesis probes the important roles of Hankow Branch in the social production, people’s living, education and news by its business of deposition, loan, insurance, trust, estate, storehouse etc in 1940s. Hankow Branch has to take the responsibility of government as solving the public finance, paying for the government. Its duty of opening business and paying taxes by law has been changed .It has been all-powerful body, which is unfortunate for the enterprises.Three parts as introduction, text and conclusion compose this thesis. The test is divided into five parts.The introduction briefly reviews and summarizes the historical and present research of the trust history, the concerning conceptions, the object and sense of this issue.Chapter One: history of the development of modern national trust. In my opinion, the development of modern trust is slow. It engages in speculation and profiteering since it germinates. Being short of laws and regulations, when we compare trust enterprises with other financial authorities as bank, insurance and securities, we discover that it doesn’t get fully developed during modem history.Chapter Two: from outside to inside, the author goes into the influence of the whole nation’s condition and Wuhan locality on Hankow Branch. Under this hard condition, how can Hankow Branch advance smoothly? By the guide of Si Lian Zong Chu and its head office, Hankow Branch positively cooperates all the measures that the National government has taken. In business operating, facing the condition of limited sources, Hankow Branch coordinates well with other financial authorities on the one hand. On the other hand, it also competes with them heatedly.Chapter Three, Four and Five: from inside to outside, the author discusses the influence of its business of Hankow Branch. By its loan on credit, the enterprises of production and business borrow enough money to run well. It makes the currency circulating orderly and helps the enterprises overcome financial difficulties. The enterprises which are short of money can exist and come forward. From its insurance business, the enterprises and the persons who are encountered with trouble can divert their loss and gain compensation from Hankow Branch. From its purchase for government and other organizations, persons can buy rice, cloth etc at lower price, which can help to improve their living standard; enterprise can get enough resources at lower price, which improves their production and selling condition. Hankow Branch and other financial authorities pay for the payment of teachers and civil-servants, which keeps their basic living and makes society orderly. Hankow branch also pay concern to social welfare. Facing with the asking donation from various circles, Hankow branch tries its best to donate money, goods and materials. In addition, it also takes the responsibility to raise money and train civilian police, which is a distorted role.The end summarizes the role, position, function of modern trust. The author points out the reference of the developing experience of modem trust to current trust. Modern trust is just a mixture of kinds of financial business which makes great roles in social production and daily living. Modern trust can’t advance smoothly and healthily just because of the unrest situation, currency inflation and shortage of regulations. So the author draws conclusion that either yesterday or today, west or east, the stable situation, the healthy laws and regulations, the attendance of people are indispensable factors for trust exiting and developing.更多还原