【作者】 袁群；

【导师】 林建华；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 成立于1889年4月的瑞典社会民主工党(以下简称瑞典社会民主党或瑞典社民党)，迄今已有118年的历史。经过一百多年的曲折发展，瑞典社会民主党不仅成为瑞典最大的政党，而且也成为欧洲社会民主党中单独执政或累计执政最长的政党，并且无论在理论方面，还是在实践方面，瑞典社民党都获得了长足的发展，尤其是在它执政期间所推行的“瑞典式社会主义”以及所建立的独特的社会发展模式——“瑞典模式”，使它成为当代世界社会主义运动中的一支奇葩。在瑞典的现代化进程中，瑞典社会民主党起到了决定性的作用。在某种程度上说，是瑞典社会民主党推动了近代以来瑞典政治经济社会的巨大发展，没有瑞典社会民主党，也就没有当今位居世界上最为发达国家之列的瑞典。瑞典社会民主党作为百年老党，在政坛上历经沉浮，在其长期的执政历程中既有成功的经验，也有失败的教训，值得我们认真研究和借鉴。本论文以马克思主义为指导，从瑞典社会民主党的执政历程入手，对瑞典社会民主党的理论和实践进行全面而系统的梳理和分析，来研究其兴衰成败，总结其执政规律，借鉴其执政的经验教训。全文由导论、瑞典社会民主党建立、转型与初涉政坛、瑞典社会民主党执政的“黄金时期”与“瑞典模式”的形成、瑞典社会民主党在政坛的沉浮及反思与探索、世纪之交瑞典社会民主党的新机遇与新挑战、关于瑞典社会民主党的几个主要理论问题等六部分组成，其主要内容如下：导论主要阐述选题的缘由和意义、研究的现状、概念的界定、研究的思路和方法、论文的创新和不足等问题。第一部分主要考察和分析瑞典社会民主党在瑞典政坛的建立、转型与初涉政坛。瑞典社会民主党是随着瑞典工业革命的兴起，在19世纪末出现的国内外工人阶级反对资本主义制度的高潮中，在马克思主义的影响下，于1889年4月诞生的。在19世纪末20世纪初，随着伯恩施坦主义的出现、蔓延和泛滥，瑞典社会民主党同当时第二国际欧洲大陆的各国社民党一样，性质也发生了变化，经历了分化和改组，逐渐放弃了利用暴力革命夺取政权的理念，走上了通过议会进行合法斗争来夺取政权的改良主义道路。自1917年起，瑞典社会民主党开始了其早期的执政历程。20世纪30年代的世界性经济危机和第二次世界大战的发生为瑞典社会民主党提供了一个思考和探索在复杂的环境和议会多党制的条件下如何来巩固执政地位的契机，在这一期间，瑞典社会民主党制定并实施了被称为“人民之家”计划的执政纲领，使瑞典摆脱了经济危机的困扰，并使瑞典免遭战争的蹂躏。瑞典社会民主党的早期的执政实践为其以后的执政提供了宝贵的经验，而且也孕育了瑞典民主社会主义运动主要特征的雏形。第二部分主要考察和分析瑞典社会民主党执政的“黄金时期”与“瑞典模式”的形成。战后至70年代中期，是瑞典社会民主党执政的“黄金”时期。在这期间，瑞典社会民主党从实用主义角度出发，结合瑞典的国情，根据当时条件和形势的变化，不断地探索其理论与政策，在执政实践方面经历了从“福利社会主义”到“职能社会主义”的演变过程，并形成了引起世人广泛赞誉的“瑞典模式”，即在经济上，逐步放弃了“社会化”的主张，强调经济的计划性、加强政府对经济的干预，形成了极富特色的混合经济体制；在社会改革上，全面推行社会保障立法，建成了一套从摇篮到坟墓的福利国家制度；在阶级关系上，奉行阶级合作主义，加强各阶级、政党、利益团体相互合作；在对外关系上，奉行积极的中立主义。社民党在这一时期的执政也使瑞典由一个贫困落后的国家一跃成为世界上最为发达的资本主义国家。然而，在这种繁荣和优势的背后，社民党人的执政也潜伏并积累着一些新的矛盾和危机，使社民党的执政地位面临着严峻的挑战。第三部分主要考察和分析20世纪70年代中期至90年代初瑞典社会民主党在政坛的沉浮及反思与探索。20世纪70年代的经济危机导致了瑞典社会民主党潜在危机公开化，加之社民党理论和实践不能适应国内外形势发展的需要，从1976年至1991年，瑞典社会民主党共下台3次，在野12年。但是，处于危机中的瑞典社会民主党并没有停止探索的步伐，它们分别在经济、社会福利、所有制和对外政策等方面进行了积极的探索，特别是雇员基金的建立，使瑞典继“职能社会主义”之后的又掀起一股新的“基金社会主义”思潮，引起了世界各国的广泛关注。虽然这些探索并没有从根本上扭转社民党的颓势，但为后来社民党走出危机积累了经验。第四部分主要考察和分析世纪之交瑞典社会民主党的新机遇与新挑战。1994年大选瑞典社会民主党的获胜。又一次走上了执政前台的社民党也开始了其新的探索历程。在欧洲社会主义运动中广为流行的新“第三条道路”思潮的影响下，社民党经过反思，提出了适应瑞典国情的新“第三条道路”思想，在意识形态、经济、社会政策以及对外政策等方面进行了全面的改革和调整，并取得了显著的成效。社民党也因此取得了“三连胜”的骄人战绩。然而由于面临着福利制度、绿党政治、政党组织结构转型、政党传媒化以及社会问题等方面的挑战，在2006年，瑞典社民党大选失利，在执政12年之后再次失去政权。第五部分是关于瑞典社会民主党的几个主要的理论问题。第一个问题是关于瑞典社会民主党的性质。这一部分通过分析和研究瑞典社会民主党的阶级基础、理论和政策取向以及意识形态，认为瑞典社会民主党是一个对资本主义进行改良的代表工人阶级和劳动群众利益的政党。第二个问题是关于瑞典社会民主党执政的经验教训。指出瑞典社会民主党执政的经验教训存在于理论创新、社会全面发展和党的建设等方面。第三个问题是关于中国共产党与包括瑞典社会民主党在内的西方社会民主党的关系。认为中国共产党虽然和包括瑞典社会民主党在内的西方社会民主党在意识形态上存在着本质上的差异，但在国际政治的现实需要中，西方社民党决不是中国共产党的敌人，而是中国共产党可以合作并应该与之合作的朋友。所以中国共产党不能因为有差异而不合作，而应该在坚持马克思主义意识形态的基础上，和西方社会民主党展开“超越意识形态差异而合作”。第四个问题是关于瑞典社会民主党执政对中国共产党加强执政能力建设的启迪。认为瑞典社会民主党执政对中国共产党加强执政能力建设有四个方面的启示，即应把全心全意为人民服务作为我们党执政的目的；应加强党的执政理论创新；应注重社会和谐发展；应从严治党。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Swedish Social Democratic Workers’ Party or Social Democrats (SSDP) not only has become the largest party in Sweden, but has enjoyed the longest history in power among European Social Democratic Parties after the tortuous development of 118 years since it was founded in 1889. During its administration, the SSDP has made great progress in theory and practice, in particular, its Swedish socialism and Swedish Model, which make it a miracle in the contemporary world socialist movement. In the course of Swedish modernization, the SSDP plays a key role. To a certain extent, it is the SSDP that promotes the Swedish political, economical and social huge development. Without the SSDP, it is impossible for Sweden to become one of the most developed countries in the world. The SSDP has experienced the rise and fall in its political career, its experiences and lessons are beneficial to Chinese Communist Party.Guided by Marxism, the dissertation probes comprehensively and systematically the history, theory and practice of the SSDP during its administration in order to summarize its governing rules and draw on its experience and lessons. The major contents of this dissertation are as follows:The introduction illustrates the reason for selecting such a research subject and the significance of the study; the literature review; the way of thinking and methods used in the study; the definition of some main concepts; the innovation and defects of the dissertation.The first part mainly expounds the establishment, transformation of the SSDP and the adminisration at its early age. With the rise of Swedish industrial revolution , in the high tide of the home and foreign working class against capitalist system and under the influence of Marxism , the SSDP was founded in 1889.At the end of 19century and the beginning of 20 century, with the emergence of Bernsteinism, the division and reshuffle took place in the party, and then, the SSDP progressively gave up the idea of capturing power by violent revolution and stepped on the way to take power by legal struggles. In 1917, the SSDP was in office for the first time and start the adminisration at its early age. The world economic crisis in 1930s and the burst of the Second World War provides the SSDP a chance to think deeply and probe how to strengthen its governing position under the condition of complicated atmosphere and parliamentary multi-party system. Within this period of its administration , the SSDP laid down and carried out so called "People’s Home "plan, which helped Sweden break away from economic crisis and free itself from devastation of the Second World War. The initial practice of the administration furnished it with valuable experiences and was also pregnant with the embryo of main characteristics of Swedish democratic social movement. The second part mainly expounds the "Golden age" of the SSDP and formation of Swedish Model. The SSDP was in office nearly interruptedly from 1945 to 1976, so that the period was called "Golden age" of the SSDP. During its adminisration, with continuous exploring its theory and practice, the SSDP experienced the shift from Welfare Socialism to Functional Socialism. In particular, it promoted the establishment of the Swedish Model, namely, in terms of the economy, the SSDP gave up the policy of socialization, and emphasized on economic plan and form the mixed economic system; in terms of social reform, the SSDP propelled the legislation of social security and built a so called welfare state system from cradle to grave; in terms of class relationship, the SSDP pursued corporatism to push forward the friendly cooperation of every classes, parties and interest groups; in terms of diplomatic policy, the SSDP persisted in the policy of positive neutralism. The establishment of the Model has also made Sweden fulfill a leap from poor and backward countries to one of the most developed capitalist countries. However, in spite of those remarkable achievements, some new contradictions and crises were incubating in the SSDP, which brought about severe challenges to its govening position.The third part mainly expounds the rise and fall of the SSDP, its thinking and exploration from 1976 to 1994. With the burst of 1970s’economic crisis, the latent crises of the SSDP came out into the open, in addition, because the theory and practice of the SSDP could not keep up with the development of domestic and external situation, it fell out of power three times from 1976 to 1991. However, even within the period of crisis, the SSDP did not stop its step to explore, and still tried to adjust its economic, social, ownership’s and diplomatic policy. Especially, the establishment of‘Wage-Earners’Fund set off a new upsurge of Fund Socialism after Functional Socialism. Those explorations did not thoroughly reverse its declining tendency, but it helped the SSDP accumulate profitable experiences.The forth part mainly expounds the new opportunities and new challenges of the SSDP at the turn of the 20th century. In 1994, the SSDP won the election again .After coming back to the power, the SSDP began to its new explorations. Under the influence of the trend of thought of The Third Way around the Europe, the SSDP carried out such reforms as in ideology, economy, social policy and diplomatic policy, As a result, the SSDP won 1998’s and 2002’s election. However, due to the challenges of welfare system, the transformation of party’s organizational structure, the influence of medium on party and social problem, the SSDP failed in 2006’s election and lost the power once again.The fifth part mainly expounds several main theoretical problems concerning the SSDP. The first one is the nature of the SSDP. By analyzing its class basis, theory and ideology, we think that the SSDP is a party that represents the interests of working class and labor mass and reforms capitalist system. The second one is the experiences and lessons of the SSDP during its administration. We think that its experiences and lessons lie in innovation of theory, social comprehensive development and construction of party. The third one is the relation between the CPC and the Western SDP (WSP) including SSDP. We think that despite essential difference in ideology between the CPC and the WSP, we should develop the relation of the two sides on the basis of Marxist ideology in view of actual need of international politics. The fourth one is the inspirations that we should draw from the SSDP. We think that the inspirations has the following aspects: i) the goal of our party should be to serve the people wholeheartedly; ii) We should strengthen innovation of theory; iii) We should pay close attention to harmonious development of society; iv) We should be honest and clean in performing our official duties.更多还原