公共教育的现代性转型及其困境

【作者】 樊改霞；

【导师】 金生鈜；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 教育学原理， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 本论文主要是从政治哲学的视角，试图对“什么样的教育是公共教育”这一问题进行规范性的论证。通过学理分析，本文指出公共教育的根本特质是公共性，但是现代性浪潮下的公共教育转型带来公共教育公共性的失落。为此，本论文提出了重建公共教育公共性的意见和建议。具体来说本论文从四个方面展开了论述：首先，从引论中的一个实践问题——什么样的教育是公共教育——出发，对公共教育概念进行了剖析，进而从希腊城邦的政治理论分析了公共教育的古典渊源，指出城邦教育诉求公共福祉、公共善，关怀公民美德，是蕴涵公共性的教育。然而人的个体化和社会结构中私人领域的出现，使得古典公共教育的根基断裂。而自由主义的全面崛起则为现代公共教育的产生奠定了理论基础。其次，通过对现代公共教育理论基础——自由主义的分析，阐释了自由主义发展历程中所体现出的理论缺陷，以及由此所导致公共性问题的凸现。进而探讨了共和主义对自由主义理论所带来公共性困境的救治，并在此基础上探讨了现代公共教育公共性的来源、表现方式以及价值根基。再次，详细分析了建立在自由主义理论之上的现代公共教育随着自由主义理论的发展与变化，从制度、功能、价值三方面进行了转型，从而导致了现代公共教育公共性的全面失落，使得现代公共教育成为去公共性的公共教育。研究也对我国公共教育是否具有公共性，进行了历史反思与现实分析。研究指出古代中国虽然追求“天下为公”，但古代教育是去公共性的教育，中国近代曾有过对公共教育公共性的理论诉求，但这种理论诉求并没有转化为一定规模的实践，现代中国公共教育依然是去公共性的公共教育。最后，基于对公共教育公共性理念的把握，本研究指出，公共教育公共性的重建需要以公民社会作为沃壤、公共领域作为基础，以培养公民作为根本方式，以改造公共学校的精神气质作为公共教育公共性建构的价值平台。更多还原

【Abstract】 From the perspective of political philosophy, this thesis intends to make a normative argument about ’which kind of education is public education’. On the basis of academic analysis, this thesis believes that the basic character of public education is publicity, however, the modern transition of public education under the wave of modernity leads to the loss of publicity in public education. Therefore, this thesis puts forward several suggestions to rebuild the publicity in public education, and this thesis, concretely speaking, supports the argument from four aspects as follows:The first aspect deeply analyzes the concept of public education which is from the practical problem ’which kind of education is public education’ mentioned in the introduction. Then this part analyzes the ancient source of public education through the political theory of Greek city-state to argue that the basic values of civic education is the publicity, that is, pursuing commonwealth, common good as well as caring civic virtue. The individualization as well as the blossom of private sphere in social structure made the break of ancient foundation of public education, and the full-development of liberalism made the theoretical basis for the development of modern public education. The second aspect expounds the theoretical deficiency of liberalism which leads to the loss of publicity in the development of liberalism, and then analyzes the effect of republicanism on the solving the dilemma of publicity. Therefore, this thesis analyzes the origin, basis as well as phenomenon of the publicity of modern public education. The thesis believes that with the development of liberalism, the modern public education transforms from three aspects: institution, effect and value, and this brings on the loss of publicity in modern education. Therefore, the modern public education becomes the public education without publicity. This thesis makes the historical reflection and realistic analysis for the question that the public education in China should pursue the publicity or not. This thesis believes that education in ancient China is the education without publicity, although the education in ancient China pursued the idea of ’public spirit rules all under the sky’. The modern China had the theoretical pursuit for the publicity of public education. This, however, didn’t turn into practice for the education in modern China, it is the public education without publicity because of the loss of publicity in modern society in China. In the end, this thesis believes that the public education should be rebuilt on the public sphere in civic society, and it should cultivate good citizen, and should rebuilted ethos of the public schools.更多还原