【作者】 颜明权；

【导师】 陈秉公；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 政治学理论， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 一个现代的健康的社会应该信行公正、共享、发展的基本理念。遵循公正规则,充分调动各个阶层和社会绝大多数成员的潜能,实现社会发展普遍受益与和谐共处。由于城乡户籍壁垒、农村土地流转制度缺陷等因素影响,中国城市经济模式长期以来使数以亿计的农民工处于不公正的利益格局之中,限制了农民工的平等生存和发展权利。农民工市民化过程社会公正实现是一个重大的时代课题,也是一个必然趋势。社会公正实现是农民工生存需要、人的尊严和自我发展的需要,更是马克思主义和社会主义的本质要求和体现。农民工既是城乡制度不公正的产物,也是社会进步的主要标志。平等享有公民的政治权利、参与经济活动与分享发展成果、确保发展权利和能力增长的可持续性、要求阶层相互开放与互惠互利是社会公正的诉求。实现农民工在城市居住、平等就业、政治参与、社会保障以及取得城市户籍等公正目标,必须从农村土地退出、城市进入、城市融入三个环节着手进行社会改革,始终贯彻教育公正原则,突出农民工市民化过程社会公正实现的制度化保障,即政府作为和制度供给。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pursued as an eternal value in human society, justice is a basic idea and a behavioral rule. Social justice reflects a process and a state of everyone in his proper place, which is formed while the society is regulating the interest relation between people. That is to say, the state power uses political, economic, legal, and cultural and other means to integrate and regulate the society, by a set of regulation systems such as security principle, contribution principle. On one side, we must ensure basic living conditions of each social group and its members; on the other side, we must provide adequate and free development space for these with potentials (both social groups and individual member ) to achieve the goal of sharing social development.Cities lie in the center of economy, politics and people’s spiritual life. According to international experiences, the civilization of the overwhelming majority of peasants is the ultimate way to solve the peasant problem. The rural worker in our country is a unique form of peasant-citizen and is chosen voluntarily by peasants under the regulation of market, but rural workers and the transforming form of peasant-citizen in capitalistic history are restricted by the common law of industrialization needing labor and both have similar features and process of pursuing the maximum profits while exploiting labors heavily. Furthermore, because of the barriers imposed on the civilization of rural workers by the urban-rural dualistic hierarchy, the urban economic model in China has been squeezing rural workers as cheap labor for a long time, which places millions of rural workers in unjust pattern of interests. This not only endangers the survival baseline of rural workers, but also greatly limits free development space of rural workers with potentials; it fails to achieve the goal of sharing social development and greatly restricts rural workers’equal rights to survive and develop.After 20-year practice, the Party and the state proposes a development strategy aiming to build a harmonious society. The young rural workers, consisting of young peasants with civil senses, demand strongly for civilized lifestyle and identity, so as to get equal space to survive and develop. Under the circumstances, how to achieve social justice during the civilization of rural workers seems to be much more urgent and necessary.According to the analysis above, guided by basic theories, viewpoints and methods of Marxist politics and integrated closely with practice, this paper employs research methods of combining dialectical analysis with benefit analysis, qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, system analysis with comparative analysis, theoretical analysis with empirical analysis and makes a discussion around“basic theories, the evolution course, present situations, influencing factors, experiences from abroad, objective establishment and the path choice of the achievement of social justice during the civilization of rural workers”, striving to combine short-and mid-term operational measures organically with long-term system building.The whole paper can be divided into seven parts:Revolving around the achievement of social justice during the civilization of rural workers, this paper concentrates on its evolution course, present situation and developing trends and analyzes related factors influencing the achievement of social justice. Learning from foreign experiences in theory and practice, my paper proposes countermeasures aiming at the existed problems in our country.Part I:“Introduction”. At first, this part expounds the issues raised in the paper: starting with the reflection on the unjust system of rural workers, it brings out a viewpoint that the achievement of social justice is the most significant topic of the times during the civilization of rural workers. Then, based on analyzing current research works, this part determines research centers and directions of the whole paper; it advances research methods, analytical framework, solution thoughts and research values of the paper, too; in addition, it points out defects and innovations of this paper.Part II:“Basic theories of the achievement of social justice during the civilization of rural workers”. Firstly, this part puts forward the concept of the achievement of social justice during the civilization of rural workers on the basis of defining such concepts as the civilization of rural workers and social justice; secondly, it analyzes Marxist thoughts about achieving social justice while peasants are transforming into workers and advances the ethical demands of achieving social justice during the civilization of rural workers: survival needs of rural workers, needs of human dignity and self-fulfillment as well as necessary compensation for original capital accumulation forms; finally, it indicates the theoretical and practical significance of the achievement of social justice.Part III:“The evolution course and present situation analysis of the achievement of social justice during the civilization of rural workers in our country”. First, this part analyzes systematic background of rural workers’emergence; microscopically, it mainly elaborates on the several developing stages of rural worker groups and their features; it emphasizes the viewpoint that the rural worker is an unjust product of the urban-rural dualistic hierarchy, as well as a remarkable indicator of social progress. Second, it analyzes the flowing trends of rural workers split from peasant groups at a micro level and expounds the social mobility system of rural workers and the limits of civilization channels. Third, the rural worker groups in our country have a new developing trend after 20 years, which is the just civilization demanded by the new generation of rural worker groups; investigating the inclination of the new generation of rural workers, it shows a lack of national treatment to rural workers and responds to their demands for basic civil rights. At last, it advances the contents demanded by the achievement of social justice during the civilization of rural workers after analyzing the relationship between demand delay and the inclination of conducting criminals; specifically, the contents refer to enjoying equal civil and political rights, participating in economic activities and sharing the fruits of development, being ensured the sustainability of developing rights and growing abilities and demanding opening up and mutual benefit among all social strata.Part IV:“Analyses of related factors influencing the achievement of social justice”. This part points out the difficulty and practical problems to achieve the social justice from the angles of systematic factors, factors of ideas, domestic economic factors and international factors; focusing on the urban-rural dualistic hierarchy as the root to influence the achievement of social justice, it points out that making a systematic reform is quiet necessary to achieve the social justice.Part V:“Theoretical and practical analyses of the achievement of social justice during the civilization of rural workers in foreign countries”. Firstly, this part inspects the "marginalization theory”and "social exclusion theory" and comments on experiences and defects while the theories above solve the issues of achieving social justice during the civilization of rural workers; then, it analyzes the typical models of achieving social justice during the civilization of rural workers in foreign countries and concludes the experiences and enlightenment that can be borrowed.Part VI:“Objective establishment and the path choice of the achievement of social justice during the civilization of rural workers.”At first, this part analyzes the contents and feasibilities of short and mid term objectives established for the achievement of social justice: (1) rural workers live in cities and have legal resources of income; (2) statute rural workers’equal rights to participate in politics in cities; (3) integrate rural workers into middle-income structure of social strata; (4) involve rural workers in the primary social security system; (5) build an employment system, under which citizens and peasants compete fairly; (6) rural workers get urban household registers and a sense of urban identities. Then, this part expounds on guiding principles of achieving social justice, advances major aspects and measures to achieve social justice and emphasizes that educational justice is a consistent system to achieve social justice during the civilization of rural workers. Finally, it points out the key to achieve social justice is the system building, namely government action and system supply.Part VII:“local governments’exploration of the achievement of social justice during the civilization of rural workers”. This is the case empirical analysis part, which starts with five samples and their analytical methods chosen by this paper, and then concludes experiences and refines theories from each sample. According to the above, this part advances its enlightenment of measures.更多还原