【作者】 夏立平；

【导师】 余伟民；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 世界史， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 国际体系是世界历史研究中的重要问题之一。对国际体系的演变进行深入研究，有助于正确认识当前国际体系的转型。古代区域性国际体系各有其自身的特点。从中国西汉时期至清朝后期，东亚的古代区域性国际体系，是当时世界上覆盖面积最大、人口最多和结构相对稳定的区域性国际体系。由于中国是东亚地区最大的国家，以及它政治、经济和悠久灿烂文化的巨大影响，使古代东亚地区这一相对独立的国际体系是以中国为中心的“封贡”体系。17世纪后半期，欧洲建立了近代国际体系。这包括17世纪后半期至18世纪末的威斯特伐利亚体系和1815年至1914年的维也纳体系。由于欧洲列强对亚非拉广大地区的殖民扩张和资本主义商品经济的全球影响，实际上到19世纪40年代以后，欧洲区域性国际体系已发展为世界性国际体系。作者对近代欧洲国际体系与古代东亚国际体系进行了比较，认为二者有一些显著特点：近代欧洲国际体系是以资本主义初期发展为背景的，而古代东亚国际体系是以封建制度为背景的；近代欧洲国际体系是均势和大国协调体系，而古代东亚国际体系是非对称的家庭式体系；近代欧洲国际体系是以体系内民族国家主权平等为基础的，古代东亚国际体系是以在绝大多数时期主导性国家不主动干涉它国内政为基础的；近代欧洲国际体系是以国际法来调整国家之间关系，古代东亚国际体系是以“礼”来约束和调整国家之间关系；近代欧洲国际体系中的国家对体系外国家进行侵略和殖民统治，古代东亚国际体系的中国对体系外国家基本采取争取友善或防御政策。人类已经历过的现代世界性国际体系有第一次世界大战后建立的凡尔赛—华盛顿体系和第二次世界大战后建立的雅尔塔体系。冷战结束后，随着经济全球化趋势迅猛发展，世界正逐渐进入全球化时代，这一时代的主题是和平与发展。全球化趋势发展对国际体系产生重大影响，促使当前国际体系处于深刻变革之中。当前国际体系转型有一个很长过渡时期，现正处于这一过渡时期的相持阶段。作者在对国际体系的四个主要构成部分，即国际行为体、国际力量结构、国际互动规则和国际机制进行研究基础上，认为当前国际体系转型具有下述特点：国际行为体多元化；国际力量结构多样化；国际互动模式多种共存；国际机制在各方博弈中变革发展。国际力量结构是国际体系的基础，而国际力量结构中最重要的因素之一是大国战略关系。作者对构成当前国际力量结构和大国战略关系的世界上最重要的一些三边关系和最重要的双边关系之一——中美关系，以及它们对国际体系转型的影响进行了研究，认为当前大国战略关系正在发生前所未有的重大变化，大国之间既相互合作又相互竞争，既相互协调又相互防范。为了推进建立互信、互利、平等、相互尊重的新型全球安全架构，有必要构建21世纪大国战略稳定框架。当前国际体系向国家之间相互依存为主要特征转型，为中国的发展提供了重要战略机遇期。从长远来说，相互依存状态的国际体系还将再发展到一体化条件下的国际体系，这将为进一步建立和谐世界奠定基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 International system is one of the important issues that should be analyzed in world history studies. Making a thorough study on the evolution of international systems is beneficial for correct understanding of the current transformation of the international system.Ancient regional international systems had different features of their own. From the Western Han Dynasty of China to the late Qing Dynasty, ancient regional international system in East Asia was the biggest in covering area and in population, and relatively stable in the structure. Because China has been the largest country in East Asia and the enormous influence of her politics and economy and long-term, splendid national culture, there was the relatively independent international system of tribune with China as its core in East Asia in the ancient times.In the second half of the 1600s, in Europe modern international system was established, including the Westphalia System from the second half of the 1600s to the end of the 1700s and the Vienna System from 1815 to 1914. Because the colonial expansion of the European powers to Asia, Africa and Latin America and the global impacts of Capitalist commodity economy, European regional international system has in fact developed into the international system in the whole world since 1840sThe author has compared the modern European international systems with the ancient East Asian international systems, arguing that the two have very different features:■ the modern European international systems had existed with the background of the initial stage of the Capitalism, while the ancient East Asian international systems had existed with the background of feudal society;■ the modern European international systems had the balance of power and concert of major powers as its major features, while the ancient East Asian international systems had the asymmetrical family style as its major features;■ the modern European international systems had been based on the equality of sovereign states within the systems, while the ancient East Asian international systems had been based on dominant power not taking initiative to interfere in the internal issues of other countries;■ the modern European international systems had readjusted their internal relations between countries according to the international law, while the ancient East Asian international systems had bound and readjusted their internal relations between countries according to the propriety; ■ powers in the modern European international systems had invaded and colonized the outside-system countries, while China in the ancient East Asian international systems had basically pursued the policy of friendliness and defense.The contemporary world systems which human being have experienced included the Versailles-Washington System after the First World War and the Yalta System after the Second World War. Since the end of the Cold War, with the rapid development of economic globalization, the world has entered the period of globalization, which theme is peace and development. The trend of globalization has important impacts on the international system, spurring it currently in deep transformation. The current transformation of the international system will experience long-term transit.Based on the analyzing of the four major parts of the current international system, the author argues that there are some features of transformation of the international system, including the pluralism of international actors; the diversification of international power structures; the co-existence of the models of international interactions; and the development of the international mechanisms when gaming between parties.The international power structures are the foundation of the international system, and one of the most important factors in the international power structures is the strategic relations between major powers. The author analyzes some of the most important trilateral relations and one of the most important bilateral relations — Sino-U.S. relations - in the international power structures and the strategic relations between major powers, and their impacts on the transformation of the international system, arguing that at present the strategic relations between major powers have been in deep and unprecedented changes, and they have both mutual cooperation and mutual competition, and both mutual coordination and being on guard to each other. In order to establish the new global framework of security with mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and mutual respects, it is necessary to build up the mechanism of strategic stability between major powers.The current transformation of the international system towards one with mutual interdependence as its major features has provided China with the important strategic opportunity. From the long-time views, the international system with mutual interdependence as its major feature will further develop into the one with integration between countries as its major feature, which will become the foundation to further establish the harmonious world.更多还原