【作者】 杨忠谦；

【导师】 黄珅；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 金代大定时期汉化程度深，而且范围广泛。世宗推行一系列的汉化政策，促进了文学艺术的快速发展。大定时期，诗歌创作表现出三种审美趋向。第一是由地理、历史、民族因素而形成的地域性特征——崇气格；第二是由政治、宗教、哲学因素而形成的普遍性特征——尚自适；第三是由文化、教育、艺术因素而形成的时代性特征——重典雅。在“国朝文派”形成时期出现的诗人，已不再有对少数民族政权的排拒倾向；艺术上受中国古代诗歌，特别是唐、宋诗的影响，其中出现了一些现实主义的诗人，如大定初刘迎、后期周昂、史旭等，其诗歌体现了现实主义的创作精神。所以，赵秉文、元好问等将“国朝文派”纳入了中华文化的大一统的“文统”、“道统”的发展轨迹之中。蔡珪、党怀英、王庭筠、周昂等豪杰诗人构成大定时期诗人队伍的主体，他们的作品已融合了南北诗风，不仅实现了诗歌主题由金初“宋朝文派”到“国朝文派”的转移，也促进了诗歌追求“气格”的、雄豪粗犷的北方文学特质。这段时期的少数民族诗人有女真族的完颜雍、完颜璟、以及女真皇族宗室完颜允恭、大臣完颜匡等，契丹族的代表诗人移刺履等。这些少数民族诗人的创作，表现出高度汉化的倾向，诗歌风格典雅、手法多样，但同时又保存着北方少数民族朴素、豪放的艺术表现，具有北方地域文化特征。大定时期形成的自适诗风，与佛、老思想的影响，以及金代特殊的文化背景，如民族关系、朝庭党争等，有直接关系。文人的仕途空间受到压缩，一定程度上消解了传统的功名意识。大定末到明昌时期，典雅诗风占据了文坛主要地位。随着社会的稳定、经济的发展，统治者有条件进行礼乐制度建设。出于需要，代表诗人相继入京，供职翰林，京城成为诗歌创作中心。朝庭逐渐形成宴享之风，文人们中间也兴起浓厚的士大夫生活情趣，擅书法，喜绘画，带动了咏物、唱和、继韵、宫体等题材的诗歌的大量产生。在诗歌体式上，出现了集句、回文、连珠、寓言、渔父、天随子等，丰富了大定时期的诗歌创作形式。这一时期的诗坛，诗人喜大量用典，体现了大定诗人学宋以才学为诗的倾向。反意用典，反映了文人价值观的时代特征与北方地域文化刚直、磊落的性格。组诗用典，折射出大定诗人的多元诗歌主题。大定时期，南宋与金朝的南北文化交流也比较频繁。通过官方和民间的往来，南北方的文献典籍(包括不少的诗文作品)相互渗入，为双方之间的相互了解提供了机会，也体现出中华大一统的国家观念。更多还原

【Abstract】 Da-ding is a period during which Chinese culture has great influence in Jin Dynasty. Shi zong carrys out a series of policies that rapidly promote the development of the literature and arts. During Da-ding period, three kinds of tendencies appear: the first is regional character—"spirit", caused by geographical、 historical and national elements; the second is general one—self-satisfied, caused by political 、 religional and philosophical elements; the third is temporal one—elegant, caused by cultural、 educational and artistic elements.The poets who appear in the times of scholar group of Jin dynasty do not reject the minority regime forever, and they are effected in the artistic field by Chinese ancient poems ，especially by Tang and Song’poems. Some poets, such as Liu-ying、 Zhou-ang and Shi-xu,etc. write many realistic works. So Zhao Bing-wen and Yuan Hao-wen put scholar group, of Jin dynasty into the developing track of the great Chinese culture.Cai-gui、 Dang Huai-ying 、 Wang Ting-yun and Zhou-ang etc.constitute the main body of Da Ding poets. Their works absorb the southern and northern literatural styles, realize the chang from scholar group of Song dynasty to scholar group of Jin dynasty,and also promote the formation of bold and unconstrained characteristics in their poems.Meanwhile, the important minority poets are Wan-yan Yong、 Wan-yan Jin, and Yi-La Lv,etc.These poets’ works manifest the highly influence from Chinese culture. Their poems not only have elegant style and diversified methods, but also have the northern plain and unconstrained mode.The formation of Self-satisfied style has direct relation with Buddhist and Taoist effect, as well as national policy and group argument. The scholars have little opportunities to pursue official carrers, and weak consciousness of honour and position.The elegant poetic style holds a dominant position from the end of Da Ding to the beginning of Ming Chang. Because of peaceful society and developing economy, the government has the good conditions to carry out the constructure of ceremony and propriety. Thus, many famous poets hold their official post in the capital,where it actually becomes a poet-writing centre . pleasure -seeking atmosphere emerges in the Royal. The poets like to draw pictures、 write calligraphy,which gives impetus to appearance of poems on scenery、 reply,etc. In the side of poetic form , Jiju、 Huiwen、 Lianzhu、 Yuyan、 Yufu and Tiansuizien rich the poetic expressive way. During that time, the poets offen like to use literary quotations,which displays the northern minority character or varied poet themes.There are frequent cultural interchange between Southern China and Northern China in Da Ding period. By official and nongovernmental intercourse, many documents come into the opposite place,which provide the understanding opportunity for each other.更多还原