【作者】 徐雨虹；

【导师】 朱家雄；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 学前教育学， 2007， 博士

【副题名】From New Institution Economics Perspective

【摘要】 学前教育投资制度的研究,在国内基本上属于一种比较新的领域。该研究对丰富我国学前教育在投资、管理领域、政策法规与制定方面都有一定的积极意义,对我国学前教育在资源配置方面,尤其是在资源的公平性配置和高效率使用方面有现实的指导意义,对学前教育的研究开辟了一个新的视野,站在一个新的角度来认识学前领域的问题。本研究试图回答的问题是:第一,在我国学前教育投资方面,究竟存在哪些问题?第二,产生这些问题的原因有没有制度性的因素,如果有,那么有哪些?第三,这些问题的解决,或者说制度的变迁有什么困难因素?全文共分三个部分八章。第一部分,也就是第一、二章,介绍了研究的背景与新制度经济学理论基础。第二部分,包括第三、四、五章,是对投资主体的制度环境的分析。第三章,首先对政府投资学前教育进行了规范分析,也就是应该是什么的问题,然后是实证分析了政府投资在总量、结构、公平性以及效率方面的问题,分析产生问题的制度性的原因;第四章,分析了私人部门投资学前教育的动机、目的,运用新制度经济学的产权理论来分析私立幼儿园的效率性,以及怎样的制度设计更有利于私人部门投资学前教育的发展;第五章,从分析学前教育的特殊性出发,分析家庭投资学前教育的成本分担原则、影响投资的制度因素,进而通过对三个家庭投资学前教育的实证研究,来分析其中的制度影响因素。最后是对弱势群体投资的分析;第三部分,包括第六、七、八章,进行了国际比较与制度选择。第六章,对整个学前教育的投资进行制度透视,分析制度安排对公平和效率的影响、制度的均衡和制度的变迁,分析制度变迁的困难因素;第七章,是对学前教育投资制度的国际实证比较,比较了资金来源、对私立幼儿园的资助、对私人家庭的资助以及政府的干预等方面;第八章,是对投资存在的问题的制度归因,然后是基于新制度经济学视角的对学前教育投资制度创新的设计。本研究是一项跨学科的研究,利用了经济学的理论来分析学前教育投资制度的问题。采用了文献法、问卷调查法、统计分析法、访谈法和个案分析法等研究方法。经研究得出结论:我国学前教育投资存在着总量不足、结构失衡、公平性和效率性缺失的严重问题,导致这些问题的产生,一个非常重要的因素是制度的不合理,长期的投入不足,优质资源的过渡集中,导致了社会上强势群体占有更多的资源,而本来就弱小的弱势群体基本享受不到政府的资源;长期以来投入重城市、轻农村,重示范园,轻一般园的做法,导致了学前教育的发展严重不均衡;而公立园的产权体制又决定了它的低效率运转;政府所营造的不公平的竞争环境扭曲了私立园的发展,对私立园不能盈利的限制事实上是违背资本的运作规律的;信息的不对称制度又导致了本就不多的资源的浪费。本研究建议,解决我国学前教育投资的问题,制度创新是唯一出路,尽管制度的变迁有很大的阻力,如,路径的依赖,法律制度的不健全,没有有效的产权、激励与约束机制等,但是,建设和谐社会的总目标是改革的强大动力,为此提出,政府角色需要重新定位,确立差别的原则,取消幼儿园评级制度,培养发展良好的市场中介组织,建立有效的产权体系以及进行强制性制度变迁。否则,将会影响到和谐社会的建立,影响到国家的安全。更多还原

【Abstract】 Early childhood education investment system research is one kind of quite new domain in China. It can rich the aspect of investment, the management domain, and the policy laws and regulations in a positive sense .It also has instruction significance for resources disposition, especially in the resources fairness disposition and the high efficiency use aspect in preschool education. This research set a new field of vision to early childhood education research which stands in a new angle to understand the front domain question.This research attempts to settle the problems as follows: First, what are the problems on earth in preschool education investment system in China? Second, does it have system factors for the emergence of these problems? Third, how much difficult factors is it to settle these problems and the system vicissitude?The full text altogether divides three parts, inluds eight chapters. The first chapt is the introduction. It mainly introduced the research background, the angle of view, the research problems as well as the research methods, the tools, and the research significance in theory and the practice. The second chapter is the basic concept and the rationale which introduced the use of new system economic theory that is how this research theory establishment. The third chapter firstly carries on standard analysis for the investment in preschool education of the government, that is, what it should be? Then was the real diagnosis analyzes of the problems about the government investment total quantity, the structure, the fairness as well as the efficiency aspect in preschool education. Then finally followed the analysis of the system reasons. The fourth chapter analyzed the motive and the goal of early childhood education investment by personal department .It utilized the property right theory in new system economic to analyze the efficiency in privately established kindergarten .It also analyze what system design was more advantageous to the personal department investment for early childhood education development; The fifth chapter embarks from the analysis of particularity in preschool education to the analysis of investment system factor about the principle of family investment shares in preschool education and analyzes system influence factor through three families’ investments preschool education real diagnosis research. Finally is the analysis which invests to the weakness group .The sixth chapter carries on the system perspective to the entire preschool education investment system and the analysis the influence by system arrangement to the fair and the efficiency, the analysis of system equilibrium and system vicissitude and the analysis difficult factor of system vicissitude; The seventh chapter is the real diagnosis comparison of the international originated preschool education investment system .It compared with the fund, subsidizes to the privately established kindergarten, funds as well as government’s intervention to the personal family and so on; The eighth chanpter is summaries of system reasons for the problems existed in investment system. Then design early childhood education investment system innovation based on the new system economic angle of view.This research is a cross discipline research. It used the economic theory to analyze early childhood education investment system problem and used literature analysis method, questionnaire survey method, statistical analytic method, interview method and document analytic method. The full text has basically used the new system economic elementary theory and the analysis frame.It concludes after the research that there are serious problems in preschool education investment system. The total quantity is insufficiency; the structure is unbalanced; the fairness and efficiency is flaw. What causes these problems is that the system is unreasonable, the long-term investment is insufficiency, and the high quality resources transition is centralism. It caused that the stronger group hold more resources, but originally basically weakness group couldn’t enjoy government’s resources on the small land. It has been a long time phenomenon that the investment is inclined to city but not countryside; is inclined to example kindergarten but not the general kindergarten. It caused early childhood education development seriously imbalanced. But the public kindergarten property right system has decided its low efficiency revolution. The government builds the unfair competition environment. It twisted the privately established kindergarten’s development. And the fact that privately established kindergarten cannot gain the limit violates the capital operation rule. The unsymmetrical information has caused resources waste.This research suggests the only outlet to solve preschool education investment system problem is through the system innovation although system vicissitude has much resistance, For instance, the way is independence, the legal system is not perfect, the effective property right machine, the drive and the restraint mechanism and so on. But the total goal to construct harmonious society’s is the reform formidable power, so it proposed the government needs ret locate its role, reestablishment the difference principle, cancels the kindergarten rating system, raises the good development market intermediary organization, and establishes the effective property right system as well as carries on compulsory system vicissitude. Otherwise it will affect the harmonious society’s establishment and the country’s security.更多还原