【作者】 王庭照；

【导师】 方俊明；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 特殊教育学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 在现代认知心理学的知觉研究中，局部加工假说一直占据着理论阐述和实验研究的核心地位。作为一个重要的对立力量，整体加工假说也存在着较大的影响，并在一定程度上校正着局部加工假说的的研究偏差。但由于格式塔心理学缺乏实验研究的支持，整体加工假说始终远离现代认知心理学的主流研究。基于二十余年的研究积累，陈霖的拓扑性质知觉理论从格式塔心理学的整体加工思想出发，试图结合拓扑学的相关研究，对人类的知觉加工给出一个“大范围到局部”的说明，认为视觉系统的基本单元和一般功能是拓扑性质的知觉，知觉组织应当从变换和变换中的不变性知觉的角度进行理解。基于拓扑性质知觉理论的相关阐述设计实验材料，主要采用知觉研究中的注意捕获和变化盲视的实验范式，本研究尝试以四个系列研究对拓扑性质知觉理论的基本观点进行检验。与此同时，基于感觉剥夺或丧失的跨模块可塑性研究成果，本研究在四个系列研究的实验开展中，相继引入视觉刺激呈现时间、注意负载、视觉刺激的特异性、视觉刺激的意义性等新的变量，以进一步考察视知觉加工过程所可能牵涉到的影响因素的作用，并以听力正常人的行为表现为参照对聋人的视觉补偿机制进行研究性评估。四个系列研究的研究结果表明，陈霖的拓扑性质知觉理论对视觉系统具有早期抽取图形拓扑性质的描述欠妥当，图形视知觉的加工过程并不受图形几何变换功能层次的制约，不同几何性质的相对知觉显著性与克莱茵的埃尔朗根纲领所描述的几何层次不一致。与此同时，聋人听力损失所带来的视知觉补偿效应可能是有限的，且具有选择性。在图形差异的视觉判断任务上，聋人的视知觉加工能力虽然不会因刺激呈现时间的缩短而变化，但总体上并不比听力正常人优越；在注意负载和中心视野条件下的视觉搜索任务上，聋人同样表现出与听力正常人相当的加工水平，没有出现视知觉加工的补偿效应；而在跨时间间隔的变化检测任务上，聋人则表现出相对于听力正常人的视知觉加工劣势，不能有效地对图形的变化进行检测。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the perceptive studies of modern cognitive psychology, the local processing hypothesis is the core theory of experimental study. Being one opposite theory, the holistic processing hypothesis also affects the perceptive studies, and corrects the research direction of local processing hypothesis in some degree. However, for the shortage of the evidence of experimental study in Gestalt psychological research, the holistic processing hypothesis deviated from the main stream of modern cognitive psychology. Based on twenty years’s research, Chen Lin developed the holistic processing hypothesis of Gestalt psychology into topology property perception theory, and thought of the human perception as a processing from holistic property to local property of perceptual object. From the viewpoint of Chen, a primitive and general function of the visual system is the perception of topological properties, and perceptual organization should be understood in the perspective of transformation and perception of invariance over transformation in the topological approach.Based on the Chen’s topology property perception theory, we designed a series of experimental materials in four studies, and emipoyed some experimental paradigms, such as attentional capture and change blindness, in order to examine the basic viewpoint of topology property perception theory. At the same time, we used some new variances, for example, visual stimulus emerging time, visual attentional loading, special visual stimulus, and meaning of visual stimulus, in order to examine the effect of affecting factor of visual processing. Based on the studies on cross-modal plasticity of sensory deprived animals or sensory loss human, we also examined the visual compensation mechanism in deaf human, and compared the differences between deaf and hearing-normal human.Through analyzing the research result of four series studies, we conclude that the description about toplogical perception that is prior to the perception of local featural properties does not fit to the visual perception, and the figure visual perception is not affected by the different geometrical levels, and the relative perceptual salience of different geometrical properities is not consistent with the hierarchy of geometries according to Klein’s Erlangen Program. At the same time, we conclude that the visual compensation in deaf human is limited and selected because of the audio-loss. In the task of visual judgment of difference between two figures, the visual perception abilities of deaf human kept the same level when the emerging time of visual stimulus becomes short, but was not different from hearing-normal human in total. In the task of visual search which must be completed in the condition of attentional loading or central focus of attention, the abilities of visual perception had no difference between deaf and hearing-normal human, and the visual compensation in deaf human did not appear. In the task of changing detection during a temporal gap, deaf human did worse than hearing-normal human in that they could not effectively detect the change between the orginal and altered figure.更多还原