【作者】 胡卓玮；

【导师】 宫辉力；

【作者基本信息】 首都师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 在国防科技工业民用专项科研技术研究项目“HJ-1小卫星星座在减灾领域应用关键技术研究”——洪涝灾害救助示范应用课题工作基础上，以民政减灾救灾行业需求和HJ-1新型卫星遥感数据源保障为背景，提出并解决洪涝灾害应急响应决策支持业务运行系统建设中涉及的三大关键技术问题。根据民政部国家减灾中心卫星遥感部洪涝灾害应急响应业务工作需求，提出面向专题的多时态异构空间数据管理与服务技术、基于承灾体的灾害风险分析与损失评估技术、洪涝灾害应急响应决策支持一体化模型库与业务库技术，三项洪涝灾害应急响应决策支持业务运行系统关键技术；基于面向对象、软件工程、重用理论等思想，应用空间数据库、Composite设计模式、组件对象模型、遥感与地理信息系统软件等技术，对三大关键技术进行了深入研究与实现；在洞庭湖地区开展了关键技术的示范集成应用研究，基于关键技术研究成果设计开发了洪涝灾害应急响应决策支持业务运行示范系统软件。面向专题的多时态异构空间数据管理与服务关键技术解决了混合异构多时相空间／非空间数据的一体化存储基本问题，通过提供面向对象、可直接使用的数据(或信息)实体，使业务人员只需关注日常工作中的业务逻辑；集成实现了异构数据业务处理与信息转化功能，解决了遥感数据快速处理、洪水淹没范围快速提取两大业务功能问题，对非空间专题数据的空间化提出了一体化解决方案；建立了标准统一的格网数据框架，使得后续风险分析、灾情评估、辅助决策拥有健壮的数据源支持，建模过程只需要关注于如何高效实现具体功能。基于承灾体的灾害风险分析与损失评估关键技术将承灾体视为致灾因子、孕灾环境等自然灾害要素，以及危险性分析、易损性评价、风险分析、损失评估等业务工作内容的统一体。本文建立了技术实现的逻辑模型和信息模型，并按照业务系统实现要求设计了可用于编程和集成的对象模型，具有集成、综合、实用和业务化特点，可以达到任意尺度、混合数据类型的分析评估目的，并在数据层次上为一体化虚拟洪灾环境的建立奠定了基础。洪灾应急响应决策支持一体化模型库与业务库关键技术设计实现了一套标准化、灵活度高、可无限扩展的一体化模型库。通过模型的一致性使得模型和模型之间可以相互利用，系统只需要考虑最简单的抽象即可实现功能集成，从而将系统的单一进步转化为更广阔的模型库网络结构进步，达到有效利用资源、提高业务系统开发和运行效率的目的。基于模型库设计实现了洪涝灾害应急响应业务库环境，通过业务对象及业务库有效实现了数据、算法、模型以及结果的统一，从离散到集合，实现了业务运行系统的一体化和真正的系统级重用。通过在业务部门的实践应用，证明关键技术示范集成系统可用于对洪涝灾害应急响应业务流程进行计算机辅助实现，同时能够在运行过程中通过连续的方法模型研究和成果数据积累不断实现系统扩展和完善。通过关键技术的集成，业务运行示范系统在数据管理、模型管理、业务管理以及用户界面方面表现出高度灵活性、高效性和易用性。三大关键技术及洪涝灾害应急响应决策支持业务运行示范系统整体应用效果良好，被证明具有较高的应用和推广价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the research on the application of HJ-1 small satellite constellation in the field of disaster mitigation, a project of Civil Special Research Program of National Defense Science Technology and Industry, key technology problem in the construction of flood disaster emergency response decision-making support operational system were questioned and solved. By analyzing the core requirements to the decision-making support system of flood disaster emergency response operational working regulations, three key technologies were brought forward. On the basis of advanced software design ideas and developing technologies such as OO, software engineering, reuse, geodatabase, composite design template, COM and GIS, RS software technologies, the research on these three key technologies was deep carried out. The Theme-oriented Management and Service Technology for Multi-temporal, Differ-structural Spatial Data solved the basic problem of mixture spatial/non-spatial data storage. By providing object-oriented and direct-accessible data entities, operation workers were permitted to pay only attention to the operational logic in daily work. The operational processing of differ-structural data and information transformation functions were integrated. The solution for the spatialization of non-spatial thematic data was put forward and the standard grid data framework was built. As a result, the follow-up tasks have got robust data-source support. They all only need to pay attention to the efficient realization of specific functions.The Disaster Risk Analysis and Damage Evaluation Technology Based on Hazard Effect Objects looks the hazard effect object as the unification of natural disaster elements and operational working contents. The logistic model and information model for key technology development were built. According to the requirement of operational system development, the programmingobject model was designed. It has characteristics like integration, practicality and operationalization. The analysis based on any-scale and mixed data-source is able to be accessed. Moreover, it laid the foundation for the virtual flooding environment at the data aspect. The Integrated Model Library and Operation Library for the Flood Disaster Emergency Response Decision-making Support designed and developed a suit of integrated model library with characteristics of standard, flexibility and unlimited extensibility. The consistency of models made them can be utilized by each other. The simplest abstraction is the only thing need to be considered in the process of operational system development. As a result, the evolvement of operational system was transferred to the evolvement of network structure of model library. The objectives of effective resources utilization and improving development efficiency were attained. The operation library environment for flood disaster emergency response was designed based on the model library. By the application of operation objects and operation library, data, algorithms, models and result were united. The integration of operational system and true system-level reuse were implemented.Finally, the demonstrative integration application research of key technologies was launched in the Dongting Lake area. A demonstrative operational system for flood disaster emergency response decision-making support was developed. With the practical use in the operational department, it was proved that this example system can be used to construct the operational working flow of flood disaster emergency response in the form of computer aid. Meanwhile, this example system can be extended and perfected via continual model research and result data accumulation. By integrating the key technologies, operational system represents some good features such as flexibility, high-efficiency and ease of manipulation in the aspects of data management, model management and operation management. The three key technologies and the prototype operational system for flood disaster emergency response decision-making support have good application effect totally. They were proved to have good values of application and popularization.更多还原