超拒水、防紫外功能型织物的研究

【作者】 尉霞；

【导师】 顾振亚；

【作者基本信息】 天津工业大学 ， 纺织化学与染整工程， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本文是超拒水、防紫外功能型织物的研究，其中包括两大部分的内容：一部分是织物防紫外性能的研究；另一部分是织物超拒水性能的研究。首先用正交实验法系统、定性地研究织物防紫外的影响因素。在综合考虑紫外线透过率、透湿量、透气量3个指标的基础上，通过对影响织物防紫外性能的因素分析，得到一种通过改变织物的结构参数使纺织品的防紫外性能得以改善，同时织物的透湿性、透气性也较好的方法。将织物防紫外性能的影响因素分为直接影响因素（纤维种类、纱线线密度、织物组织、织物密度）和间接影响因素（紧度、厚度、重量）。结果表明：紧度是最主要的间接影响因素，当织物紧度增加时，紫外线透过率、透湿量、透气量均减小。其次，为了获得超拒水表面的织物，采用仿荷叶表面结构的方法，一是仿荷叶微米结构的乳突，二是仿荷叶的纳米结构。荷叶微米结构的仿制包括纤维细度的选择和织物组织的选择。选用线密度为160dtex/48f的涤纶超细海岛型纤维仿乳突直径，纤维直径为2.87μm，比荷叶表面乳突平均直径5～9μm小，所形成的织物单位面积粗糙程度更大，拒水性能更好，符合仿乳突直径要求。以采用绉组织和织物中加入高收缩涤纶丝的方法仿乳突的高度，开纤处理后，屈曲波高增大，增强了凹凸效应，织物的粗糙度增大，拒水性增强。织物成品紧度选择为66％和53％。其防紫外性能属于极好，透气、透湿性能符合要求，而且具有基本的拒水性能。纤维细度、织物组织及紧度确定了，织物结构参数就确定了，依据这些参数就可织造出相应的织物，这些织物将作为负载纳米粒子的基布。在仿荷叶的纳米结构时，用纳米二氧化钛（TiO₂）和纳米氧化镍（NiO）仿纳米结构，这里主要是纳米粒子的分散性研究。单一型分散剂分散的纳米粒子，粒径分布不够理想，用复合分散剂可以提高其分散效果．在纳米TiO₂的分散实验中，确定复合分散剂为月桂酸钠+聚丙烯酸铵，当月桂酸钠与聚丙烯酸铵的配比为1：1，超声时间为10min时，分散效果比较理想。在纳米NiO的分散实验中，确定复合分散剂为木质素磺酸钠+聚丙烯酸铵，当木质素磺酸钠与聚丙烯酸铵的配比为1：1时，分散效果比较理想。根据以上研究结果，将分散好的纳米粒子负载于设计好的基布上，研制成集超拒水功能和防紫外功能于一身的超拒水、防紫外功能型织物。其拒水性能大幅度提高，防紫外能力属于非常优异的防护，透湿、透气性可以满足基本服用要求，悬垂性和耐皱性都较好，但光泽性不是很好。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis is that the fabrics are researched of having super hydrophobic function and ultraviolet resistant function, including two major parts: a part is the research of ultraviolet resistant performance of fabrics; another part is the research of super hydrophobic performance of fabrics.First, the orthogonal experiment is used to study the influencing factors of fabric to resist to ultraviolet systematically and qualitatively. On the basis of comprehensive considering 3 targets of ultraviolet transmissibility, moisture permeability content, air permeability content, through analyzing the influencing factors of fabric to resist to ultraviolet, one kind of method can be obtained to cause the ultraviolet resistant performance of fabric through the change of structural parameters of fabric to be able to be improved, simultaneously moisture permeability and air permeability of fabrics also better. The influencing factors of fabric to resist to ultraviolet are divided into the direct influencing factors （fiber type, yarn linear density, textile weave, fabric density） and the indirect influencing factors （cover factor, thickness, weight） .The results indicated that, cover factor is the most main indirect influencing factor, when cover factor increases, ultraviolet transmissibility, moisture permeability content and air permeability content all reduce.Next, in order to obtain the fabric of having super hydrophobic surface, the method is used that the superficial structure of lotus leaf is imitated, one is to imitate the tower of micron structure of lotus leaf, and two is to imitate the nanometer structure of lotus leaf. The imitation of micron structure of lotus leaf includes choices of fiber fineness and textile weave. The polyester superfine sea-island fiber is selected to imitate tower diameter that the linear density is 160dtex/48f, and the fiber diameter is 2.87μm which is smaller than the average diameter 5 ～ 9 μm of tower of lotus leaf, thus roughness of per unit area of fabric woven from it to be bigger, and the super hydrophobicity to be better, meeting the needs of the imitating diameter of tower of lotus leaf. Another method is applied to imitate tower altitude that crepe weave and the high-shrinkage polyester filament are used in the fabric. After opening filament process, the waviness height of yarn and roughness of fabric are all increased, strengthened the dimple effect, so the super hydrophobicity is enhanced.The finished cover factors of fabrics are chosen to 66% and 53%, of which ultraviolet resistant performances are extremely good, and the moisture permeabilityor air permeability accords with the requirement, moreover have basically hydrophobicity. After the fiber fineness, textile weave and cover factor have been determined, the structural parameters of fabrics are determined. The corresponding fabrics are possible to be woven according to these parameters that will become the base cloths to load nanometer particles.When the nanometer structure of lotus leaf is imitated with nanometer titanium dioxide （TiO₂） and nanometer nickel oxide （NiO）, it is the main problem to be solved that the better dispersibility of nanometer particle will be got. In this paper, the compound dispersing agent is selected to enhance its dispersible effect, because the distribution of particle diameter is ideal insufficiently with the sole dispersing agent. In the experiment of dispersing nanometer titanium dioxide, the compound dispersing agent is determined for the lauryl sodium + polyacrylic ammonium, when the proportion of lauryl sodium and polyacrylic ammonium is 1:1 and the supersonic time is 10min, the dispersible effect is quite ideal. In the experiment of dispersing nanometer nickel oxide, the compound dispersing agent is determined for the lignosulphonate sodium + polyacrylic ammonium, when the proportion of lignosulphonate sodium and polyacrylic ammonium is 1:1, the dispersible effect is quite ideal.According to the above findings, the dispersed nanometer particles are loaded on the designed base cloths, thus the fabrics will be made up which have super hydrophobic function and ultraviolet resistant function. The developed fabrics have satisfying super hydrophobicity, the extremely outstanding ultraviolet resistant performance, basic moisture permeability and air permeability, better drape and wrinkle resistance, but luster are not very good.更多还原