统一的多民族国家大学的使命

【作者】 谭志松；

【导师】 哈经雄；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 民族学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 经过几千年的发展，大学从社会之外走进社会的边缘进而走进社会的中心，成为推动社会进步的最活跃、最引人关注的重要社会组织之一。当人类社会进入知识经济时代，大学的发展与国家的兴衰和民族进步更加紧密相联。因此，世界各国都把大学的建设发展作为重要国策之一。本文以中国国情和中国大学为蓝本，研究统一的多民族国家大学的使命，探讨现代大学的社会功能及其拓展和实现，以全面认识和把握现代大学的社会影响和作用，从而有助于国家和政府给大学赋予切实的期望和任务，有助于大学自身进一步准确地进行社会定位，发挥出应有的重要作用。在此基础上，我们提出以适当的评价机制和办法，促使大学功能的充分发挥，有助于实现现代大学价值的最大化。本文分四个部分：第一部分：绪论(第一章)。主要阐述选题的目的和意义，概述本文的研究范示、研究方法、理论框架、主要内容和主要创新点。第二部分：历史概述(第二、三、四章)。勾勒性地对中西方大学及其功能形成的基本轨迹和古典大学、近代大学、现代大学三个重要发展阶段的社会根源与大学内部活动因素进行论述(第二、三章)，并通过中西方大学发展的历史比较进一步认识大学发展的基本规律和核心要素。这部分是本文研究的一个基础。第三部分：理论发展研究(第五、六、七、八、九章)。首先用大学的文化性格、大学的民族性格、大学的社会性格深入揭示大学的内部结构特征和大学的外部表现特征，深化了大学的结构理论(第五、六、七章)。然后，通过分析和研究学者们对现代大学功能发展研究的成果，提出了确立大学新功能的原则。在此基础上提出并阐述了发展中民族国家大学的第四功能：民族责任功能，进一步丰富了大学功能的理论(第八、九章)。第四部分：应用研究(第十章)。提出以“促进大学功能的充分实现”为目的的“大学功能评价”的基本理念，构建了现代大学以四项功能，即人才培养、科学研究、社会服务和民族责任为主体的“大学功能评价方案”和“评价指标体系”及其评价运行机制。这对实现大学价值的最大化，充分发挥大学在国家、民族发展中的作用有着重要的现实意义，同时，也是对现代大学评价理论的一种深入和发展。笔者以马克思主义唯物史观和中国特色社会主义理论为指导，应用高等教育学、民族教育学、教育社会学、教育管理学(评价理论)、教育哲学以及民族学和民族国家的基本理论，深入地阐述了自己的论点。本文主要创新点有三：1．第一次提出大学的性格概念，并第一次用大学的文化性格、民族性格、社会性格来刻画现代大学的主要基本特征；2．第一次提出大学的民族责任功能是发展中民族国家现代大学的第四功能，并进行了深刻的论述。其间，第一次提出了确立新功能的五项原则；3．第一次提出“促进大学功能充分实现”的大学评价理念，并第一次构建了大学功能评价的方案和指标体系，以及评价机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 After thousands of years’ development, the universities, which approached the verge of the society from outside the society and have eventually entered the center of the society, have become one of the liveliest and most conspicuous social organizations promoting social progress. After human society marched into the era of knowledge-based economy, the development of the universities has become more closely related to a country’s prosperity and national progress. As a result, the countries all over the world regard construction and development of the universities as one of the important state strategies. This paper, based on the actual situation of China and the universities in China, studies the mission of universities of unitary multinational states and explores the social functions of contemporary universities and their developments so as to fully understand the social effects and roles of contemporary universities, which will be helpful for the country and government to endow the universities with realistic expectations and tasks and also helpful for the universities to accurately determine their positions in the society and give play to their roles. On this basis, the author puts forward appropriate assessment mechanism and methods so that the functions of the universities can be brought into full play and the values of contemporary universities can be maximized. This paper is divided into four parts:Part 1: Introduction (Chapter 1). This part mainly explains the purpose and significance of selecting the topic and makes a survey of the research paradigm, research methods, theoretic framework, main content and main innovative points of the paper.Part 2: Historical Survey (Chapters 2, 3 and 4). This part briefly reviews the basic processes of universities of China and Westerncountries and their function formation, the social reasons of three important development stages of universities (ancient, modern and contemporary) and internal activity factors of universities (Chapters 2 and 3). By comparing historically the development of universities between China and the Western countries, the author has further explored the basic laws and core elements in the development of universities. This part is the basis on which the research of this paper is conducted.Part 3: Study of Theoretic Development (Chapter 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). By making use of the cultural character, national character and social character of universities, the author reveals the internal structure and external manifestation characteristics of universities and has thus deepened the structure theory of universities (Chapter 5, 6, 7). Then, by analyzing and studying the research achievements made by the scholars on the function development of contemporary universities, the author puts forward the principles of establishing the new functions of universities. On this basis, the author sets forth and illustrates the fourth function of universities in the developing nation states: Function of national responsibility, which has further enriched the theory on the functions of universities (Chapter 8,9).Part 4: Application Research (Chapter 10). In this part, the author puts forward the basic idea of "assessment of university functions" for the purpose of "promoting full realization of university functions" and establishes the "assessment program for assessment of university functions", "assessment index system" and assessment operation mechanism mainly based on the four functions of contemporary universities, namely, talent cultivation, scientific research, social service and national responsibility. This effort is of great realistic significance to maximize university values and give full scope to universities in the development of a state and nation. Meanwhile, it has also deepened and developed the assessment theories of contemporary universities.Guided by Marxist historical materialism and the socialist theories with Chinese characteristics, the author illustrates his arguments by applying the basic theories in the fields of higher pedagogy, national pedagogy, sociology of education, education administration (assessment theory), philosophy of education, ethnology and nation states.There are mainly three innovative points in this paper. First, it is the first time to put forward the concept of university character and it is the first time to depict the main basic characteristics of contemporary universities by making use of the cultural character, national character and social character of universities. Second, it is the first time to propose that the function of national responsibility of universities is the fourth function of contemporary universities in the developing nation states and profoundly illustrates the idea. Also, it is the first time to put forward the five principles of establishing the new function. Third, it is the first time to propose the university assessment idea of "promoting full realization of university functions" and it is the first time to establish the assessment program and index system of university functions as well as assessment mechanism.更多还原