【作者】 曾庆军；

【导师】 秦绍德；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本文系统、全景式地研究民主党派参政方略，考察民主党派在中国现代化进程中的历史生长逻辑、发展内在动力和理论渊源、选择的路径、基本功能与机制、运作实态、政治的过程以及与中国政治发展关系等等。研究民主党派自建立以来的基本特征与内在逻辑，以合作与协商为切入点把握了中国的政党演变脉络，考证了民主党派在近现代中国政治发展中所起的作用。从体系、结构到内容方法，具有一定的原创性。在近代中国民族独立、主权完整和国家建设发展中，合作和协商的民主政治代替了对抗和竞争型的政党政治贯穿着民主党派成立、发展和演化的过程，这一过程是中国政治发展历史逻辑所催生和决定的，也将随着这一制度进一步程序化、制度化和民主化，进一步拓展中国政党制度的空间和体制增量。随着民主党派的理论发展、功能价值、运转机制和制度的创新演进和发展，从而使民主党派的参政方略完成了一个从合作和协商的民主政治生成和演进的过程，以民主党派政党功能的履行，努力开发多党合作的体制内资源，在现行的多党合作基本政党制度框架内寻找和培育人民民主的生长点，并最终完成合作和协商的民主政治嬗变，这就是中国民主党派的参政方略的逻辑起点和终点。本文认为民主党派参政从中国政治结构上拓展了民主的空间，塑造了人民政协这样的民主协商的政治组织。在建国之初，国家建设和现代化建设需要一个核心来推动，权力需要相对集中，正是因为民主党派的存在和巨大历史作用，需要一个制度来容纳民主党派和民众的政治参与的空间，在权力集中和民主的政治参与之间出现了一个张力，为了解决这个问题，中国共产党及其领导人以其创造性的智慧，组建政协解决了这一问题，在集中权力推进国家建设和现代化道路同时，创造了政协作为一个多党派和民众参与的政治协商和民主监督的政治空间，在很大程度上，政协这个民主政治的制度和空间的创造是为了民主党派参与政治而产生的，政协主要由党外人士组成也从一个侧面说明了这个问题。因此，民主党派从这个意义上说，创造了政治协商的民主空间和制度。通过对民主党派的历史变迁和政党功能的发展演变的分析，厘清民末清初多党制试验过程对民主党派以合作与协商而不是竞争和对抗为主轴切入中国政党政治的影响，分析其履行参政党职能的内在逻辑，深入体查民主党派在国家政治生活和政治制度中重要作用。探寻民主党派在功能、机制与政治的过程中与其参政方略的互动关系，揭示民主党派在国家现代化进程中所扮演的政治角色具有的重要理论意义，进一步发展现有对民主党派分析概念和框架，突破了某种固有模式。本文有一章节以某省民主党派几年的参政议政的实践过程，进行实证分析，使理论与实践相印证。而从合作和协商的政治角度来研究民主党派，有利于深化对这一领域的研究。目前不少著作或文章多从多党合作角度来论述民主党派，鉴于共产党在多党合作的主体地位，论述民主党派时着力不够，切入不深。本文则从民主党派角度进入，对民主党派的分析，不限于政策文件的解释，而是力图以合作与协商的民主政治演进过程来剖析民主党派参政方略的过程，这一切对于认识民主党派在我国政治过程中的作用有一定参考意义。文章探索从民主党派角度完善共产党领导的多党合作制度的途径。通过对民主党派的研究，结论就是，民主党派是中国政党制度中巨大的政治资源和政治优势，共产党领导的多党合作制度具有很大的优越性，同时也有不完善和不成熟性。因此，完善多党合作制度的途径在于：改革和完善民主党派参政机制，充实民主党派的政治资源，发展民主党派党内民主，完善民主党派参政方式，提高多党合作的制度化程度。更多还原

【Abstract】 The thesis systematic and overall originates the concept democratic parties participation government strategy, reviewing democratic parties historical growth logic in the china modernization process, inherence of development, theory of source, selective of path, basic skill and mechanism, movement condition, political of process as well as china politics development connection and so on, investigating democratic parties basic character and immanence logic from establishment to now, according to cooperate and negotiate as the key point to understand the Chinese parties evolution venation, textual researching the function of democratic parties in china political development during the modern times, providing with some original work from system and framework to content of technique.During the development of china independence, sovereignty integrity and nation build, cooperation and negotiation democratic political substituted the confront and competition party government, which perforation the process of democratic parties establishment, development and evolution, these process are determinate and midwifery by china political development history logic, it along with these system procedure and democratization, opening the space and system increment of china parties institution, which innovating the democratic parties theory progress , function value, movement mechanism and institutional, therefore, democratic parties participation government strategy have done the process form cooperation and negotiation political to democratic political, with the implementation of democratic parties function, in search ofthe growth of people’s democracy in the frame of multi-party cooperation in exercising state power, it wound finally accomplish the transfer from cooperation and negotiation political to democratic political, this is the democratic parties participation government strategy’s logic point.The thesis pointed out that democratic parties participation government expanse democracy space of china political structure, shaping democratic and negotiatory apparat likes CPPCC(Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference), at the beginning of establishment the nation, nation build and modernization construct required a core to drive, power were demanded to concentrate, due to existence and immensity history effect of democratic parties, which needed a system to accommodate the space of democratic and people political participation, there were a strain between the power concentrate and political participation, in order to resolve these problem, Chinese communist and its leaders used their wisdom in a creative way to erect CPPCC(Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference), during the power concentrate to push nation build and modernization construct, creating CPPCC as a multi-parties and people participation space of political consultative and political supervise, in a largely degree, the CPPCC were created for democratic parties to participate political, the CPPCC is made up of the members non-communist party also explains the question, therefore, at this point, democratic parties created the system of political consultative.To analyze the history flux and party function evolution of democratic parties, make clear to the process of multi-parties experiment at the end of Qing dynasty, which influence the democratic use cooperation and negotiation political principal in steady the confront and competition political, analyzing its carry out participation government function of inherence logic, penetrating to know important effect in nation political life and political system, exploring the interact relationship between democraticparties function, mechanism and political process and participation government strategy, it’s full of theory meaning to open out the important role of democratic parties in the modernization construct, developing deeply analyze concept and frame of democratic parties, breaking through some inhere pattern, to some extend, the thesis have a chapter to take a example that a certain province democratic parties participate government practice in a several years, use example to explain theory, in cooperation and negotiation view to study democratic parties, in favor of deepening the theory domanial, at present, a lot of articles discuss democratic parties in multi-party cooperation view, due to communist party major status, these articles narrate its inadequate, this thesis take view of democratic parties, analyzing it not only policy and documentary, but also the process of cooperation and negotiation political to anatomy democratic parties participation government strategy, it wound exploit a new view to understand the effect of democratic parties in our political process.The article explores the method to perfect multi-party cooperation under communist party leadership, the conclusion is: democratic parties is enormous political resource and political superiority in china party system, multi-party cooperation under communist party leadership possesses huge advantage, at the same time, there is a faultiness and immatureness, therefore, the method is: improving democratic parties participation mechanism, enriching democratic parties political resource, developing democratic parties inner-party democracy, perfecting the method of democratic parties participation government, increasing the degree of multi-party cooperation system.更多还原