两周颂扬铭文及其文化研究

【作者】 金信周；

【导师】 吴金华；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本文從漢語言文字學和文化學相結合的角度，討論了兩周時期的頌揚銘文，著重研究頌揚詞句的意義，並作了文化方面的專題研究。本文共分七章，主要內容如下：第一章緒論，主要介紹了本文的選題緣起及研究意義，回顧了相關頌揚銘文研究的現狀，說明了本文選定的語料和研究方法。第二章闡明了頌揚銘文的廣義和本文所探討的頌揚銘文的範圍，並將頌揚銘文的呈現方式分为用簡單詞句的頌揚銘文，單獨為頌揚而鑄造的頌揚銘文、其他格式銘文中的頌揚內容，考察了各種呈現方式中的主要用語、篇式、內容。第三章以銘文內容為準，對頌揚詞句進行分類，選取了政績類、謀猶類、威武類、恭敬謹慎類、明心類的主要頌揚詞句，通過相關文例的全盤分析和歸納，挖掘了新的頌揚詞句，探討了一些衆說紛紜的頌揚詞句的意義。並揭示各頌揚詞句的用法、句式以及流行時代。第四章梳理了常用頌揚辭彙“德”、“光”、“休”、“不顯”以及其相關頌揚辭彙，討論了其意義、用法、修飾形態等。並將主要頌揚動詞“對揚”的句式分析為“對”字單用、“揚”字單用，“對揚”連用、“對～揚”、“揚～對”分用，分析了各種句式的結構以及流行時代。第五章探析了頌揚銘文所反映的各階層之間的頌揚情況。按照頌揚者與被頌揚者的上下關係，將各種頌揚的情況先分成下級對上級的頌揚、上級對下級的表揚、自頌的三種形式，然後再把每種形式進行細分。首先，下級對上級的頌揚情況有後孫對祖先的頌揚、臣下對君主的頌揚、屬下對上司的頌揚、貴族對周先王的頌揚、子女對母親的頌揚。其次，上級對下級的表揚情況有王對臣下的表揚、王對貴族祖先的表揚、父親對兒子的表揚。最後，探討了對東周時期常見的自頌內容。這一章闡釋了相關銘文的內容，揭示了其所反映的文化含意，並觀察頌揚對象隨著時代的變化是否有變化。第六章以頌揚銘文內容為材料，試探周人的思想。從內容豐富多彩的頌揚銘文來觀察古人的價值觀和思維，如威儀、勤勉、聖哲等倫理觀念。第七章結論，對本文的研究內容和主要論點進行了歸納和整理，並指出了本文研究中尚存在的不足和今後值得更深入研究的問題。與以往的銅器銘文研究，本文希望在以下方面體現創新點：第一，對頌揚銘文的概念提出了新的解釋，探索了頌揚銘文的各種格式。第二，通過對頌揚銘文進行大規模的分析和歸納，考釋頌揚詞句的意義，增補頌揚辭彙的詞義、用例的闕如，儘量精確地掌握句式的規律。並探討頌揚詞句的流行時代，從此做出來的研究成果亦可做為銅器斷代的參考根據。第三，從漢語言文字學和文化學相結合的角度，在前面得出的研究基礎上，擬探索其所反映的文化內涵，如：頌揚銘文所涉的人物關係、周人的思想觀念等。通過這些研究，可以窺視古人的頌揚文化以及周人的價值觀等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Focusing on the integration of the study of the Chinese character and of the culture, this paper discusses the Eulogy bronze inscription of the Eastern and Western Zhou Dynasty, emphasizes on the significance of the words and sentences of eulogy , and makes the specific research in the cultural field.This paper includes seven Chapters; the main contents are as follows: Chapter one is the Introduction. It puts the emphasis on the origin and importance of this subject. It looks back of the research situation of the Eulogy bronze inscription, and demonstrates the literature and study method for this paper.Chapter Two describes the broad meaning of the Eulogy bronze inscription and its demotion. The express way of the Eulogy bronze inscription includes three kinds: simple, just write for the eulogizing, and the eulogizy contents of other kinds; meanwhile, it studies the keywords, cohesion, and the contents in the above three express ways.Chapter three treats the content of the Posy as the criteria, and set categories accordingly. It chooses the important category of political accomplishment, stratagem, power and force, respect and deliberation, lighting the minds, disentomb the new sentences through the analysis and induction of the related samples, and discuss the significances from different opinions to dispose the usage, cohesion and the popular period of the words and the sentences of the eulogizing.Chapter Four discusses its significances, usages and appearance form. It separates the sentence form from duiyang into sole dui or yang; integration of the two; dui~yang ,yang-dui . This chapter analyzes the structure and the popular period of those sentence forms.Chapter Five explores the situation in different groups reflected by the Eulogy bronze inscription. According to the relationship between the eulogist and the people who was eulogized, it can be classified as three formats, the lower level to the higher level, the superior to the subordinator, self-eulogize and then make every form in detail. Firstly, the circumstance of the praise of the subordinator to superior includes the offspring to the ancestor, the retainer to the king, the subordinator to the superior, the noble to the king of Zhou, daughter and son to their mother. Secondly, the circumstance of the praise of the higher level to the lower level includes king to the retainer, king to the noble ancestor, and the father to the son. Lastly, the content of self-eulogize in the Eastern Zhou dynasty has been discussing. In a word, the wholechapter demonstrates the related content of Posy, disposes its cultural meaning in contemporary, and observes whether the target of the praise changing with time.Chapter six chooses the content as the study literature to reflect the concept of the people in the Zhou Dynasty. Through the rich and colorful Eulogy bronze inscription, it observes the value and concept of the ancient people, for instance, the blind fate concept, the concept of advocate ethics and attaches most importance to the dumb millions, the hereditary worship concept, and the ethic concept that respect and deliberation, diligence, ambitions and egotism, credit which they pay much attention on.Chapter seven is the conclusion, it inducted and cleared up the research content and the main arguments of the whole thesis, meanwhile, it put forward the disadvantages and the questions that need to be further studied in the future.Compared with the past research on the Bronze implements posy, this paper aims to make innovations in the following fields:1. Pointing out the new definition, exploring the various format of the concept of the Eulogy bronze inscription originally2. Through the magnificent analysis and induction, retesting the meanings and complementing the importance and usages of the Eulogy bronze inscription as concisely as possible; discussing its popular period, and providing the reference basis for the dating of the bronze ware.3. From the angle of the integration of the study of the Chinese character and of the culture, basing on the above analysis, it will explore the notion of the culture, for example, the interpersonal relationship reflected in the Eulogy bronze inscription, the concepts of the people in the Zhou dynasty. The praise culture of the ancient people and their values can be demonstrated through these studies.更多还原