【作者】 吴宏翔；

【导师】 项??；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 企业管理， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 在市场经济改革背景下，中国高校组织已经发生和正在发生着一些令人关注的变化。论文聚焦于这些变化，本着实现高校组织社会价值最大化的理念，借鉴管理学理论和企业组织经验，采用跨学科研究方法、归纳法、假设—演绎法、案例分析法等方法，重点探讨了20世纪80年代以来，中国高校组织的演化问题。论文共分七章。第一章导论，主要交待了论文命题的由来、研究框架及意义，第二章是理论框架，在分析高校组织特性基础上，提出了一个管理学理论指导体系；第三至第七章(共五章)，为论文的主体结构，分别从“关系、形态、结构、功能”四个方面，探讨了高校组织的演化问题。论文最后为结语，对全文的研究结论和创新点进行了归纳和总结。有关论文主体结构内容简要归纳如下：市场经济改革，是20世纪80年代以来，中国高校组织面临的主要外部环境变化。高校组织是一个开放系统，为适应环境变化，进行了自适应性调整，由此产生了组织演化问题。政府和市场是高校组织的主要外部关系对象。在市场经济条件下，政府由高校组织的管理者、投资者、经营者三位一体的身份向高校组织的管理者、主要投资者和经营监管者的身份转化：市场开始对高校组织的资源配置起重要调节作用。高校组织内部，行政与学术开始适度分权，学术权逐步回归教授群体，行政管理层则开始注重经营管理意识和能力的培养。高等教育经费来源中，市场成分的比重不断上升。中国高校的学费比例已达到相当水平，在高等教育筹资方面，主要应增强高校组织的社会服务功能。在市场经济环境下，中国高校组织为适应学科综合化发展趋势、提高组织竞争力和规模效益，在国家高等教育体制改革推动下，于20世纪80年代末开始了新一轮以横向一体化组织规模扩张为主要特征的组织大发展。降低交易费用，以促成学科生态效应，以及实现组织的规模经济等原因，是本次组织规模扩张的主要动因。不受时空阻隔地接受教育一直是人类的梦想，网络教育是新技术条件下实现上述梦想的重要组织形式。但网络教育在中国却出现了“异化”问题。网络教育良性发展的关键是，教育定位要正确、清晰，即高校组织要真正将网络教育作为一种践行社会责任、树立信息教育理念和掌握未来发展先机的实践来探索。高校组织结构最典型的特征是行政与学术的二维性。行政视角中的高校组织治理结构、业务结构和学术视角中的学院制结构、科技创新平台等具有不同的演化特征。共享治理模式和经营型治理模式是当前高校组织治理改革中值得借鉴的两种模式。教师的选择和激励是高校组织治理的重点和难点，试用期与终身教职相结合、避免“近亲繁殖”以及匿名评审等等，是当前高校组织治理的重要举措。计划经济体制下形成的中国高校组织业务结构，囊括了从后勤到学术的全部功能；在市场经济条件下，通过结构分化，高校组织将其中一些非核心业务，比如物业管理、食堂管理等等，转移给专业化组织，从而使高校组织的精力集聚于学术性事物，组织的整体效率因此得到了有效提升。这方面已有非常成功的案例。学院制发展是高校学术组织演化的重要特征，学科综合是学院制发展的内在需要，降低管理协调成本则是学院制发展的内在动力。在市场对创新知识需求的推动下，一种体制、机制创新的组织模式——科技创新平台正在兴起，高校组织中因此形成了一种由学院和平台构成的新型矩阵结构。科技创新平台作为一种新兴组织，尚有很多问题需要探索和实践。高校是一个历史、动态发展的组织。随着知识经济的到来，市场对知识创新的要求不断增强，适应这种变化趋势，新时期高校组织功能演化呈现出强化创新的主体特征。尽管高校组织已经成为国家科技创新的重要力量，但其总体创新水平仍然偏低。高校组织正在通过体制、机制创新和融入国家创新体系建设来提升组织的创新能力。树立学习型组织理念和进行创新文化建设是保持高校组织持久创新能力的有效措施。通过上述研究，论文试图分析、厘清高校组织演化的过程、动因和规律，并提出自己的结论、判断、构想及政策建议，以期对高校组织的管理和组织未来的改革、发展提供借鉴与指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 Universities organizations under the market economy background have been experienced some significant changes. With the notion of maximizing universities organizations social value, the thesis focusing on the changes is mainly about organization evolution of Chinese universities since 1980s by virtue of management organization theories and experiences, cross-discipline, induction, hypothetic-deductive research methods.This thesis consists of seven chapters. The first chapter describes research motives, framework and significance. The second proposes a management theory framework after analyzing the characteristics of universities. The main architecture of thesis is from chapter three to seven, organizations evolution of universities is viewed from relation, shape, structure and function. The end of the thesis is the conclusions of research findings and contributions. The main content of thesis is as follows.Since 1980s, one of the most important external environment changes Chinese universities face is market economy. Organizations of universities featuring open systems have made self-adaptation to survive environment changes, which gives rise to the issues of universities’ organizations evolution. The main parts of universities environment are government and market. With the conditions of market economy, the management, investment and operation roles of government for universities change into main investment and supervision role; resources of universities are gradually allocated by market mechanisms. Universities internal management has been appropriately separated into administration and academic, the latter has gradually dominated by professors group, administration has emphasized on the importance of managerial concept and capabilities. The proportion of universities income from market has risen. The level of Chinese universities’ tuition has been quite high, educational finance should strengthen social service function of the universities organization.Chinese universities under market economy background made theirdramatic expansions through horizontal integration following national education system reform sine 1980s in order to adapt to discipline integration trend and advance their competitiveness and scale economy. The purposes of the universities scale expansion are to decrease trans-action cost and achieve ecological effect of discipline. People desire to be educated free of temporal and spatial boundaries, which can be realized by network education taking advantage of new technology. However, network education in China brings about dissimilation problem. The key element of benevolent development about network education is putting it into correct and clear position. Put differently, universities organizations should truly assume social responsibilities, grasp developmental opportunities and are build up information education concept.The most typical feature of universities’ organizations structure is a duality of administration and academic, which share different evolutionary features. The one is governance and business structure from administration perspective, the other is school structure and scientific innovation base from academic perspective. The sharing and managerial governance patterns are two kinds of helpful ones, which are worth adopting by universities organization’s governance reform. How to choose and stimulate teachers is important and difficult, measures of governing universities include combining tryout with tenure, avoiding "close breeding", anonymous evaluation and so on. Universities organization and business structure under the planning economy background include full functions from logistics and academic; universities of the market economy focus on academic affairs and increase their efficiency through handing over non-core businesses to professional organizations, such as property and refectory management, some successful cases can be exemplified. Development through school, which is internal requirement of discipline integration, is important feature of academic organization evolution of universities, which is also driven by decreasing coordination cost. With the drive of new knowledge demand, a kind pattern of system and mechanism innovation, scientific innovation base, isbooming. Therefore, new matrix structure of universities organizations made up of school and base is surfacing. Scientific innovation base as a kind of emergent organization still has many questions explore and practice.Universities are historic and dynamic organizations. With the coming of knowledge economy, universities organizations function evolution emphasizes innovation to adapt organizations to demanding requirement of knowledge innovation requirement. Universities have been important sources of national scientific and technological innovations, but their average level of innovations is still low. Universities organizations are enhancing their innovation capabilities through system and mechanism innovations and melting into national innovation system. Holding learning organization notion and constructing innovation culture are effective measures keeping permanent innovation capabilities of universities organizations.In a word, this thesis tries to analyze and clarify evolutionary processes, antecedents and rules of universities organizations, puts forward relevant conclusions, judgment, planning and policy implication, which maybe make a contribution to reform and develop universities organization.更多还原