【作者】 王黎栋；

【导师】 万力； 于炳松；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 地下水科学与工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 T₇⁴界面为塔中地区重要的代表一大型不整合界面的地震反射界面,在其下的奥陶系碳酸盐岩盐地层中已获高产油气流。深入认识塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层的形成和发育机理,具有重要的理论和实践意义。在沉积相划分和沉积演化序列分析的基础上,恢复了T₇⁴界面形成时期塔中地区的古岩溶地貌,对其进行了划分,并分析了不同岩溶地貌单元的平面展布规律及其发育的主要控制因素和形成机制。以水文地质学理论为指导,对研究区目标层系的水文地质发育史进行了分期,分析了研究区地下水动力场特征、地下水水化学场特征及其与古岩溶储层空间发育、油气运聚的关系;初步探讨了在现代埋藏条件下古岩溶的保存与发育趋势,对T₇⁴界面之下碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层分布做了预测。论文取得的主要结论包括:（1）T₇⁴界面作为塔中地区重要的不整合界面,其形成后总体上经历了5个发展阶段,其下的奥陶系碳酸盐岩含水岩系中地下水的成生过程经历了6个水文地质期和10个水文地质亚期。（2）T₇⁴界面形成时期塔中地区总体呈西高东低、中间高四周低、东西两侧地形坡度较缓,向南、北两侧急剧降低的地形地貌特征;依据古地形高低可划分出:岩溶高地、岩溶斜坡、岩溶谷地三个岩溶地貌单元;岩溶地貌单元基本上呈北北西向展布,各地貌单元具有明显不同的岩溶发育特征。（3）对处于深埋环境的T₇⁴界面之下碳酸盐岩的化学热力学研究表明:现代埋藏环境有利于灰岩储集空间的保存;但对于白云岩而言,大部分埋藏环境中,不利于白云岩中原生储集空间的保存。（4）岩性、构造、古气候、古地貌、古水文地质条件是控制T₇⁴界面之下碳酸岩盐古岩溶发育的关键因素;层序地层学的研究还表明,不同级别的层序界面对其下碳酸盐岩岩溶储层的发育具有重要的控制作用。（5）塔中地区中央断垒带一线附近及南北两侧是最有利的古岩溶发育区,也是最有利的储集相带预测区。更多还原

【Abstract】 T₇⁴ interface is the important seismic reflection interface, representing a large scale plane of unconformity, in Central Tarim Basin, the high-produced oil-gas fluid, in the Ordovician carbonates paleokarst under it, has been got. Profoundly realizing the mechanics of Formation and development of Carbonates Paleokarst reservoir has important theoretical and practical significance.Based on the result of division of sedimentary facies and analyses of sediment evolutive sequence, we rerun the Paleokarst topographical features of Central Tarim Basin in T₇⁴ interface times, divide it’s variety , analyse the plane spreading rules and major Controlling factors and Formation mechanics of different Paleokarst topographical features units.Guided by the hydrogeology theory, we get the Paleohydrogeology stages of object strata , analyse the characteristics of Paleohydrodanamic field and Paleohydrochamistry field and the relation of they with development of reservoir pore space of Paleocave and migration and accumulation of oil/gas, simply discuss the trend of conservation and development of Paleokarst, and forecast the distribution of Carbonates Paleokarst reservoir in T₇⁴ Interface.The central conclusions as follows:（1）As the important unconformity interface of Central Tarim Basin, it’s development went through five stages, the development course of ground water, in Carbonates aquifer rock series of Ordovician under it, 6 hydrogeology ages and 10 hydrogeology subages.（2）In T₇⁴ interface times, the characteristics of landform and topographical features of Central Tarim Basin is high west , low east, high centre portion and low around, landform degree of slope of the west and east of centre portion is slow and that of the south and north steep;based on the topographical features, we may recognize three Paleokarst topographical units,Paleokarst highland, Paleokarst slope and Paleokarst valley ,Paleokarst topographical units, holding different Paleokarst development characteristics , are all spreading from west to east.（3）Karstification regions and preservation trend under burial condition are tentatively studied with the chemical thermodynamics of water-rock interaction. The original reservoir pore space of Paleocave of limestone is easily preserved and that of dolomite isn’t in the modern burial condition.（4）The development of paleocast is mainly controlled by the fector of rock types, tectonics, palaeoclimate , paleotopographic and Paleohydrogeologic condition. sequence stratigraphic research suggest that the development of Carbonates Paleokarst reservoir is controlled by the different grade of sequence Interface.（5）Under T₇⁴ Interface of Central Tarim Basin, the areas where the karstification and fractures were well developed and the favorable reservoir can be forecasted are near central fault zone and beside the south and north of it.更多还原