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高功率垂直腔面发射激光器的设计及制备

Design and Fabrication of High Power Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser

【作者】 郝永芹

【导师】 钟景昌;

【作者基本信息】 长春理工大学 , 物理电子学, 2007, 博士

【摘要】 垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSELs)自问世以来,成为许多应用领域特别诱人的光源,如在光通信,光计算,光互联,激光打印及光存储等方面。VCSELs的主要优点是其低成本的制作与封装,低驱动电流,低发散角的圆形光束及可实现一维(1D)、二维(2D)高密度集成。近几年来,性能优异的氧化物限制型VCSELs不断被报道,主要涉及其低阈值电流,高输出功率,高电光转换效率,低工作电压,高调制带宽和高产额。本文主要开展了关于高功率垂直腔面发射半导体激光器的设计及其关键技术的研究工作,具体体现在以下几方面内容: 1.优化设计分布布拉格反射镜(DBR),测试结果表明这种DBR反射镜在保持很高的峰值反射率的同时其串联电阻也很小,使VCSEL中这一主要热源产生的焦耳热大大减少。 2.优化设计有源区及光腔,增加载流子注入到量子阱中的效率,减少侧向电流泄漏和光散射损耗,使有源区对激射模式提供较大的光增益效率。 3.优化设计高Al组分的AlxGa1-xAs氧化物限制层,综合考虑了氧化层的厚度和位置对激射模式的影响以及高铝AlxGal-xAs氧化后体积收缩产生应力的作用等因素,我们将氧化物限制层的位置进行了调整,在有源区外生长3对DBR后再加入氧化物限制层,有效抑制了氧化模式并缓解了氧化层的应力对有源区的影响,同时因氧化层放在腔内光场驻波波腹位置,可以降低衍射损耗和阈值电流。 4.优化设计氧化孔径和外部台面的尺寸及它们的比,获得最佳的散热结构。 5.深入研究选择性氧化技术,提出采用环形分布孔取代环形沟槽作为氧化窗口的方案。环形分布孔为电注入提供了便捷的桥接通道,很好的解决了电极过沟时易断线问题,器件也表现了良好的输出特性。测试结果表明:不仅环形分布孔结构器件的输出功率比环形沟槽的提高了0.34倍,且两种结构的阈值电流几乎相同,约为1.6mA,这说明环形分布孔结构对电流的限制作用并未减弱。 6.研究了垂直腔面发射激光器制作中的选择性氧化工艺,针对氧化温度,载气N2的流量及台面结构几何形状对氧化特性的影响进行了详细讨论,得到与以往文献报道不同的选择性氧化规律,温度低于435℃时,Al0.98Ga0.02As的选择性氧化遵循线性生长规律,这对于我们在VCSEL中采用的两种台面结构都是如此,温度

【Abstract】 Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have emerged as attractive light sources for various applications in optical communication, optical computing, optical interconnects, laser printing, and optical storage, etc. The main advantages are their low-cost fabrication and packaging, low drive currents, low divergence circular beams, and the possibility of integration in 1-D and 2-D arrays with high density. Over the past few years, the excellent performance of oxide-confined VCSELs has been reported in the literatures in terms of low threshold current, high output power, high wall-plug efficiency, low operating voltages, a high intrinsic modulation bandwidth, as well as very high fabrication yields. Here, designs and key techniques have been presented for high power VCSELs. Contents are in detail as follows:1. Distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) have been optimally designed. Testing results show that these DBRs have high peak reflectivity with low series resistance, which makes the heat generated by series resistance of the device reduced greatly.2. Optimizing active layer and cavity is to increases injected current carriers into quantum wells and reduce lateral current leakage and optical scattering loss. Thus, active region can provide lasing mode with great light gain efficiency.3. Optimal design has been done on AlxGa1-xAs layer with high Al content, which will be oxided for current and light confinement, taking into account effects of thickness and position on lasing mode, as well as stress resulting from oxidation of AlxGa1-xAs layer with high Al content. The layer position has been adjusted by being placed in the fourth DBR pair above the active region to suppress oxidation mode and relieve stress effect on active layer. Further more, the oxidation layer placed on anti-node

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