【作者】 吴文平；

【导师】 李建中； 田嘉宁；

【作者基本信息】 西安理工大学 ， 水力学及河流动力学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 研究水工建筑物紊流边界层发展规律对深入理解和处理泄水建筑物的高速水力学问题有着重要的应用价值与实际意义，因而受到人们的重视。 本文结合高速水力学国家重点实验室基金项目“水流边界层理论及其在水利水电工程中的应用研究”，目的是对我国近20年关于水流边界层理论及其应用的研究进行深入、系统地分析，试图建立考虑重力及曲率影响的水流边界层方程，并着重探讨边界层理论在水利水电工程中的应用研究。 本文主要的研究内容包括以下几个方面： (1)考虑重力及自由水面存在的影响，推导有限水深陡槽上的紊流边界层动量积分方程，从理论上证明了卡门动量积分方程适用于陡槽水流边界层。 (2)根据溢流坝反弧段水流运动基本方程，在流线曲率同心圆假设条件下，得到了溢流坝反弧段水流压强分布的表达式。在此基础上，引入近壁薄流层概念，通过构造缓和过渡流线和类似同心圆性质的假设，使反弧段离心力影响范围内的水流流线曲率计算值光滑连续，从而得到能够反映反弧段动水压强沿法线方向及切线方向变化的统一表达式。文中还探讨了边界层对溢流坝反弧段动水压强分布计算的影响。模型试验结果与计算结果一致。 (3)探讨了溢流坝反弧段紊流边界层的发展机理，分析整理得到了边界层厚度的的无因次关系式及经验公式。考虑重力、离心力及曲率的影响，建立了溢流坝反弧段边界层动量积分方程及连续方程，应用Runge-Kutta法进行了数值求解，并将计算结果与模型试验结果进行了对比。 (4)探讨闸堰过流能力计算的边界层方法，推导闸堰过流流量计算公式，并分析研究了闸孔出流、WES标准剖面堰溢流、圆顶堰溢流、宽顶堰溢流流量系数的计算方法。 (5)探讨应用水流边界层理论计算溢流坝面水流能量损失的方法，从理论上推求溢流坝面流速系数的基本关系式，寻求经验计算公式。研究应用水流边界层理论计算过水围堰坝面水流能量损失的方法，探讨了过水堆石围堰铅丝笼护面失稳破坏临界条件的指标及经验判别式。 (6)考虑边界层的影响，建立窄缝挑坎水流数学模型，对窄缝收缩段的水力特性进行了数值分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research of turbulent boundary layer development on spillway has significance for further understanding high-speed hydraulics and solving energy dissipation problems of discharging structures.Combining with the project of "boundary layer theory and its application in the hydraulic engineering", which was founded by the state key laboratory on high-speed hydraulics, the literatures in the recent 20 years on boundary layer theory and its application in the hydraulic engineering were systematically reviewed, in order to established equations considering gravity and curvature, and discuss its application. The main contents were presented as follows:(1) Considering the influences of gravity and free surface, the momentum integral equation of turbulent boundary layer on steep slopes with limited depth of water, was firstly derived. It was shown by the derivation that Karman’s momentum integral equation can be application to flow boundary layer on steep slopes.(2) Based on basic equations of water flow movement on spillway bucket, assuming streamline curvature concentric circles, the formula of water pressure distribution was got. Introducing the concept of laminar swirl-flow layer, the unified expression reflecting the variation of hydrodynamics pressure along normal and tangential direction furthermore was derived, through constructing the adjustment transition streamline and assuming concentric circles. So that the influence of boundary layer on hydrodynamics pressure was considered. The simulating results are in accordant with model test data.(3) The mechanics of turbulent boundary layer evolution on spillway bucket were discussed, and the dimensionless expressions and experiential expressions were obtained. Considering influences of gravity, centrifugal force and curvature, the momentum integral equation and continuity equation were established, then solving them with the Runge-Kutta method. The results were fit well with those by physical model test(4) Application the boundary layer theory to calculate conveyance capacity of sluice weir, the discharge coefficient of the lateral gate, WES weir, round crested weir and broad-crest weir, were obtained.更多还原