【作者】 韩秀丽；

【导师】 曾华群；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 国际法学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 对于WTO法中的比例原则,本文主要考察了WTO法中蕴含比例原则的法律文本规定和相关司法实践,探讨了WTO法中比例原则的作用、地位和发展前景。绪论中,简要介绍了研究论题的缘起、确定及重要意义,回顾了比例原则研究的学术史,提出了本文的研究范围、拟研究的主要问题及研究方法。本文第一章首先厘清了比例原则的语义,比例原则是处理目的与手段关系的原则,要求手段与目的要保持适当关系,其根本思想在于平衡相互冲突的利益;其次,对德国法和美国法中比例原则的实证考察表明在两大法系都存在比例原则;再次,阐述了欧共体法中比例原则的内容、适用及其与相关原则的关系;最后,指出了比例原则存在于国际法并正在横向地向各个国际法分支蔓延。作为研究WTO法中比例原则作用与地位的基础,第二章详细考察了WTO法中蕴含比例原则的法律文本规定和相关司法实践,确证了比例原则在WTO法中的存在:在法律文本中,比例原则主要体现为“最少贸易限制”、“必需的”等措词;在司法实践中,比例原则尤其要求为了合法目的对贸易限制不能过分,从而平衡自由贸易利益与其他利益。第三章主要论述了WTO立法中比例原则及其精神对新协定产生及发展的重要作用,比例原则是克服WTO立法困境的工具。在司法方面,比例原则的适用发展了WTO法,比例原则应该在WTO争端解决机构的司法评审中发挥作用,比例原则还可以抑制贸易保护主义并遏制WTO成员方对权利的滥用。在WTO报复机制方面,比例原则对其应然发展提供了理论支撑。WTO法是国际法的一个分支,第四章首先考察了关于国际法原则的各种学说,在此基础上认为比例原则目前只是WTO法的一般原则;其次,通过考察比例原则提倡与适用情况及分析其发展障碍认为,比例原则在WTO法中具有发展前景;再次,基于比例原则在德国法及欧共体法中的发展和地位变迁规律,结合欧洲法院与WTO争端解决机构适用比例原则的经验,认为比例原则在WTO法更多还原

【Abstract】 To the principle of proportionality in WTO law, this dissertation mainly reviews provisions of legal texts and related judicial practices that contain the principle of proportionality, and discusses the function, status and prospect of the principle of proportionality in WTO law.In introduction part, the origin, definition and significance of the theme is introduced, academic history is reviewed, and scope of research, the major issues to be explored, and the research methods are put forward.In first Chapter, Firstly, this dissertation clarifies the meanings of the principle of proportionality from history angle, rinciple of proportionality deals with the relationships of means and ends, and requires that proper relationships between them be kept, and the fundamental idea of it is to balance the conflict interests; Secondly, the reviews on principle of proportionality in German law and American law show it exists in two families of law; Then, this dissertation expounds the contents, applications and relationships of the principle of proportionality with related principles; Finally, this dissertation indicates the principle of proportionality exists in international law and is overspreading in its branches.As the basis of further research on the function and status of the principle of proportionality in WTO Law, the author reviews the provisions of legal texts and related judicial practices that contain the principle of proportionality in details, and corroborates the existence of it in WTO law in Chapter 2. In legal texts, the wordings of“least trade restriction”,“necessary”,“equivalent”et seq. embody the principle of proportionality; In judicial practices, the principle of proportionality especially requires that trade restriction can’t be excessive for other legitimate objectives, and balance free trade and other interests.In Chapter 3, the article demonstrates the important function of the principle of proportionality and its spirit to new agreements and their development in WTO lawmaking, and the principle of proportionality is a tool to overcome dilemma in lawmaking. Judicial applications of the principle of proportionality develop WTO law and the principle of proportionality should exert its function in judicial review of Dispute Settlement Body of WTO, and may control trade protectionism and keep within limits for abuse of rights by WTO members. In the retaliatory system of WTO,更多还原