【作者】 高志广；

【导师】 周琪；

【作者基本信息】 同济大学 ， 环境工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 城市生活污水处理系统作为一种涉及活的主体功能菌的环境生态系统从本质上而言属于一种复杂系统。各种微生物作为系统主体具有一定的智能性与自适应性，它们可以按照各种规则作出决策，又随时准备根据接收到的新信息修改自身的行为规则。仿真技术是解决上述污水处理复杂系统各种问题的重要工具，利用系统仿真技术，可探求活性污泥工艺设计方案的选择、优化设计参数、实现过程优化控制以及进行事故分析。活性污泥系统仿真的实现是建立在系统仿真模型基础之上的，而系统仿真模型则又是建立在各种生化反应机理研究基础上的。因此，本文研究内容围绕城市生活污水脱氮除磷基质转化过程和活性污泥数学模型展开，并在此基础上对应用活性污泥数学模型实现工艺过程优化控制进行了初步探索。 以南方城市典型生活污水为处理对象，结合传统活性污泥工艺(以下简称CAS)、A／O脱氮工艺(以下简称AON)、A／O除磷工艺(以下简称AOP)和A／A／O工艺(以下简称AAO)四种实验室小试装置连续流监测数据和间歇批式试验，考察了各种运行参数及进水条件对工艺处理效果的影响；研究了活性污泥法处理生活污水基本工艺中COD、N、P的转化情况；分析和比较了不同工艺污泥中普通异养菌、聚磷菌和自养菌三种重要功能微生物数量及其特征参数。 实验研究的重点集中于对生物强化除磷过程(包括反硝化除磷)规律的探讨。设计批式试验比较了合成与实际污水中聚磷菌代谢的显著差异，根据试验结果，实际污水中聚磷菌代谢生成的聚β羟基链烷酸盐(PHAs)中除聚β羟基丁酸盐(PHB)和聚β羟基戊酸盐(PHV)以外的其他成分大大增加。反硝化除磷过程具有节省碳源和能量的优点，有必要对缺氧条件下聚磷菌的表现和代谢规律进行研究。本文设计序批试验考察了缺氧条件下普通异养菌与聚磷菌对碳源的竞争规律。根据研究结果，上述两种功能微生物在缺氧条件下对有限碳源存在竞争且各自按照其固有的动力学模式利用碳源。试验中观察到乙酸对缺氧反硝化的抑制作用，即当环境中存在数量较多的乙酸时，反硝化聚磷菌无法进行反硝化除磷代谢，这与目前对反硝化除磷过程的理解不同。 结合实验与机理研究，以ASM2D数学模型对连续流及批式实验结果进行模更多还原

【Abstract】 Wastewater treatment system belongs to complex system. Functional microorganisms lived in these complex systems behave intellectively and adaptively. They make responses according to certain rules and change these rules along with new information received form fluky environment. Emulate technology is a useful tool to solve engineering problems existed in complex sytem like wastewater treatment plant (WTP). Take advantage of emulate technology, technical decision, parameter optimization, optimal control and accident analysis can be done effectively and scientifically. As everybody known, activated sludge system modelling is necessary for emulate analysis and reasonable mechanism of nitrogen and phorsphours removal is the key for better model. In this paper, study on mechanism of nitrogen and phorsphours removal was investigated first. Revised model was proposed according to result of experimental research. At last, model application on optimal operation & control of activated sludge process was discussed.Tipical living sewage of southern china city is selected as study object. Real sewage fed, bench-scale, continuous-flow, study and batch tests are carried out with four familiar wastewater treatment processes, conventional activated sludge (CAS), anoxic-aerobic (AON), anaerobic-aerobic (AOP) and anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (AAO) units, to investigate mechanism of nitrogen and phorsphours removal under conditions similar to WTP. Effect of parameters such as hydraulic retention time, sludge retention time and component of influent on nitrogen and phorsphorus removal is investigated. Transformation of carbon, nitrogen and phorsphorus in different unit is discussed. Amount of functional microorganisms and its characteristic parameter are summarized.Emphasis is placed on mechanism of enhanced biological phorsphorus removal in this paper. Difference of removal process between synthesized and real sewage is studied. Less poly- β -hydroxy-butyrate and poly- β -hydroxy-valerate are found in component of poly-hydroxy-alkanoates generated by phorsphorus accumulative更多还原