【作者】 孔丹丹；

【导师】 丁洁民；

【作者基本信息】 同济大学 ， 结构工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 张弦空间结构是由刚性结构、拉索、撑杆构成的具有自平衡功能、内力控制功能、刚度控制功能三方面特点和对建筑形式的广泛适用性等优点的一类预应力杂交结构体系。张弦结构在工程中应用日益广泛并具有广阔的发展空间。本文以北京大学体育馆、泉州市体育馆和安徽大学体育馆屋盖三个典型的张弦结构工程为背景，对张弦空间结构体系进行了系统和深入的分析。本文总结了张弦结构的特点，通过工程实例对张弦结构进行了分类。在线弹性结构特征值屈曲分析计算公式的基础上，借鉴预应力杂交结构特征值屈曲分析的方法，得出了有恒定荷载作用的预应力杂交结构的特征值屈曲分析公式。本文完成了安徽大学体育馆张弦网壳结构模型的预应力索张拉过程试验研究和静力荷载试验研究，验证了力学模型和有限元分析的正确性和原型结构设计的可靠性，所得结论可为原型结构的施工提供参考。以北京大学体育馆辐射式张弦平面桁架壳体、泉州市体育馆平行张弦立体桁架壳体、安徽大学体育馆张弦“梁式网壳”结构为研究对象，从张弦结构的构成角度出发，根据张弦结构的构成机理，在分析刚性结构的受力特点的基础上，对张弦空间结构的布置形式、力学性质进行了静力分析及参数分析，归纳了张弦空间结构的共性，为张弦空间结构设计提供参考。本文对不同形式的张弦空间结构进行了弹塑性极限承载力全过程分析，对张弦结构的屈服机制、失效机制进行了分析，结合两水准性能目标和塑性发展过程对结构性能进行了评价，对设计使用年限超过100年的结构的性能目标进行了讨论。对张弦网壳结构进行了参数分析，分析了初始缺陷、荷载非对称性、支座形式、撑杆高度、预应力大小等参数对张弦网壳结构极限承载能力的影响。对具有相似结构布置形式的张弦结构的屈服机制和失效机制的共同点进行了分析。总结了参数对张弦结构弹塑性极限承载力的影响规律。本文对考虑各种构件失效情况下的张弦网壳结构进行了弹塑性极限承载力分析，跟踪构件失效后结构的塑性发展过程和极限荷载因子，判断构件的重要性，据此提出了设计中提高关键构件的安全度的建议。总结了大跨度空间结构的内力重分布规律和荷载传递规律，提出了具有普遍适用性的判断构件重要性的“基于概念的判断方法”，对构件安全性与结构整体安全性的关系进行了探讨，并对冗余结构进行了分析，得出了相应的结论，可为结构设计提供参考。本文在对张弦网壳结构的动力特性进行参数分析的基础上，采用时程分析法对固定铰支承的张弦网壳结构进行水平、竖向作用下的地震响应计算分析；对以改变支座支承刚度和在支座处增加质量点的方法考虑屋盖下部结构抗侧刚度和质量惯性的张弦网壳结构进行了竖向地震作用下的地震响应计算分析；对降低矢跨比的张弦网壳结构的水平、竖向地震响应进行了计算分析。通过结构的地震内力系数分布规律和拉索轴力、节点位移时程曲线的比较总结了张弦网壳结构的地震响应规律及改变支座形式和矢跨比的张弦网壳结构的地震响应特点。本文在总结文献对张弦结构和有关拉索预应力结构施工过程分析方法的基础上，推广了“状态确定”的施工过程逆向分析方法，该方法对线性结构、几何非线性结构、一步张拉、多步张拉等各种施工情况具有普遍适用性，可以实现后张拉索对先张拉索张拉力的影响分析。采用施工过程逆向分析方法对安徽大学体育馆张弦网壳结构进行了施工方案优化分析，对从外圈到内圈三步、一步张拉斜索和从内圈到外圈三步张拉斜索的施工过程进行比较分析，得出了相应的结论。更多还原

【Abstract】 Spatial beam string structure is a type of prestressed hybrid structural system, which is composed of beam, cable and strut. For its functions of self-balancing, internal force controlling, stiffness controlling, and its diversiform shape suitable for different kinds of architectures, it has a widely practical perspective. In this paper, Beijing University Gymnasium, Quanzhou Gymnasium and Anhui University Gymnasium are taken as spatial beam string structure project background. The characters of this kind of structural system are analyzed systemically.In this paper, the features of spatial beam string structure are summarized and categorized by the types of engineering projects. Based on the theory of eigenvalue buckling analysis of linearly elastic structure and prestressed hybrid structure, the method to get eigenvalue of prestressed hybrid structure with the existence of constant load is given.Model test of Anhui University Gymnasium is completed. The construction process of prestressing cables and the process of loading are carried out. The features of this structure are analyzed. The results of the tests proved the correctness of theoretical analysis and can be regarded as the guidance for the construction of the project.Radiating planar truss string structure of Beijing University Gymnasium, parallel spatial truss string structure of Quanzhou Gymnasium and cable-strut-supported shell structure of Anhui University Gymnasium are regarded as the project background of spatial beam string structures. The composition and features of spatial beam string structures are analyzed. Parameters that influence the property of the structures are analyzed too. Common features of this kind of structure are summarized, and the conclusions can be taken as design reference.In this paper, elastoplastic ultimate capacities of different kinds of beam string structures are analyzed with the nonlinear finite element method. The yield mechanism and collapse mechanism are analyzed. The performances of the beam string structures are evaluated according to the two level performance goals and the development of plasticity. Performance goal of those structures whose life span is over 100 years is discussed. Parametric analysis, which includes deflections of the structure, asymmetry of load, types of support, height of struts and magnitude of prestress are also made. Common features of yield mechanism and collapse mechanisms of structures with similar structural formations are analyzed. Influences of parameters on the elastoplastic ultimate capacity of beam string structures are summarized.Elastoplastic ultimate capacity analyses of beam string structures with some element failing to work are made. The development of plasticity and ultimate capacity of the structures are clear after the analysis. The importance of the element is clarified. According the analysis, advices to enhance the safety of structure are given. The redistribution of inner force in the long-span spatial structures are summarized. A universal method used to evaluate the importance of the elements is achieved. The relationship between the safety of members and the safety of whole structure is discussed. Redundant structures are also analyzed and the corresponding conclusions, which can be referred in structure designing are drawn.Based on the parametric analysis of dynamic features of cable-strut-supported shell structure, Seismic features of pin-supported structures under horizontal, vertical earthquakes are analyzed with the time history method. Earthquake responses of structure with elastic supports and structure of small height are analyzed too. Distribution of seismic inner force coefficient and displacement of joints are analyzed. Influence of supporting structures and geometry character on seismic features of spatial beam string structures are generalized.After summarizing the methods of construction process simulation of spatial beam string structure and prestressed string structure, inverse analysis method of construction process is extended on the basis of the definite status of structures. It is suitable for linear or geometrically nonlinear structures. This method can also be used to simulate one or more steps of construction process. Influence of later tensioned cables on the former tensioned cables can be considered in this way. The construction process of Anhui University Gymnasium cable-strut-supported shell structure is simulated with the inverse analysis method. Tensioning sequence from outer cable to inner cable and from inner cable to outer cable finished in one and three steps are compared, conclusions corresponding to it are drawn.更多还原