【作者】 申跃奎；

【导师】 丁洁民；

【作者基本信息】 同济大学 ， 结构工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 随着城市地铁交通的迅猛发展，地铁振动对人们生活学习也产生了一定的影响，地铁振动已成为一种振动公害。但是对地铁振动的认识还很不全面，在振源、振动在土壤中的传播、建筑物的减、隔振技术和人体对振动的感觉等方面都还有很多研究工作要做，为此本文围绕地铁振动问题进行了研究，取得了一些有实际应用意义的结果。 首先，从理论分析入手，研究了地铁振动波在多层土壤介质中的传播特性，涉及体波、表面波和饱和土中波等内容，分析了波的反射、透射、衰减规律和地面振动中各种波的比例关系。 第二，对地铁振动在地表的传播规律进行了实测研究，对实测数据进行了快速付立叶变换处理，分析了振动的振级及衰减规律。结果表明地铁振动的竖向振动大于水平方向，考虑环境影响时可以仅考虑竖向振动分量。竖向振动在地铁隧道附近以40-80Hz的为主要振动，振级超出《城市区域环境振动标准》文教区昼间70dB的要求，高频振动随着到隧道距离的增加迅速衰减，5m以外环境振动振级满足规范要求；30m以外，10-60Hz的振动水平相当。 第三，在已有研究的基础上，正确地解决了地铁振源问题；利用有限元分析技术，成功地模拟了地铁振动在土壤中的传播。在数值分析方法中讨论了模型大小、单元大小、阻尼选取、时间步长和动力边界处理对模拟计算的影响。用不同边界条件下的结果对比作为标准，判断模型大小和边界条件的合理性；论证了单元大小为分析波长的1／12-1／8时才能得到正确的结果；对于地铁振动分析，阻尼系数的选取必须顾及高频的影响，不能仅按模型的前几阶固有频率来确定。经验证，模拟结果和实测数据在频谱分析上有很好的相似性，借此进一步分析了土壤中波动的传播规律。 第四，分析了地下连续墙对于天然基础和深基坑基础(这时和围护桩合一)的隔振效果。将屏障的深度、厚度和材料刚度特性作为参数进行分析，结果认更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of subway, some shortcomings are also been found. One of them is vibration, which is called a social effects of pollution and should be controlled. But our knowledge about subway vibration is limited, especially about vibration exciting force, vibration propagation in soil, vibration isolation or reduction of building and so on. So the dissertation focuses on the subway vibration problem and has obtained some valuable result.First, the vibration propagation characteristic in layered soil has been investigated theoretically, which are concerned with body-wave, surface-wave and wave in saturated clay. Meanwhile wave reflection & transmission and reduction law are also been studied. Second, the subway vibration is measured in field and time history of acceleration are transform by FFT method, which make us to get the propagation law and vibration level. The result tell us that vertical vibration is much violent than horizontal one. Vertical vibration could be only taken into account when we study the environment problem induced by underground. The excellent frequency of vertical vibration above the tunnel is 40-80Hz. The component of greater frequency vibration attenuates rapid than smaller one. When distance to tunnel is near 30m, the 60Hz frequency vibration is as stronger as 10Hz one. The vibration level is satisfied national code when distance to tunnel is within 5m. Third, Besides getting a more reasonable exciting force by improving the analysis model, the thesis successfully imitate the vibration propagation by means of FEM, in which we have discussed many questions such as model size, element size, damping-ratio choice and boundary conditions. It tells us that element size should be 1/12-1/8 of reyliegh wave length and the choice of damping ratio should relate to the frequency of exciting force. The simulate result is consistent with the field test. Fourth, the barrier measure is investigated to control the vibration level. The depth, thickness and material of barrier are discussed as parameters. The control effect is much sensitive to material than it to thickness and depth. Concrete barrier to underground vibration is not sound. Fifth,更多还原