【作者】 张连松；

【导师】 金宗哲； 冀志江；

【作者基本信息】 中国建筑材料科学研究总院 ， 材料学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本文利用纤维状海泡石和纳米TiO₂共混分散，达到海泡石纤维分散吸附纳米TiO₂颗粒的目的，不仅在一定程度上解决了纳米材料的分散问题，而且充分利用海泡石的大比表面积和强吸附性能，提高纳米TiO₂和海泡石协合的催化效果。并在此基础上，利用多孔矿物材料，研制出一种具有调湿、抗菌、净化等功能的无机内墙粉末涂料。用BET法测定海泡石、纳米TiO₂和海泡石分散吸附纳米TiO₂复合材料的比表面积和孔径前后变化。并用扫描和透射电镜观察复合粉体，发现纳米颗粒能够分散在海泡石纤维周围，有利于解决纳米材料团聚问题。利用ESR对海泡石分散吸附纳米TiO₂后产生的·OH能力进行研究。试验发现，在无可见光和紫外光条件下均产生·OH信号。紫外光条件下，海泡石/纳米TiO₂复合材料产生的·OH信号增强。利用海泡石分散吸附纳米TiO₂海泡石能够促进产生·OH的能力。海泡石分散吸附纳米TiO₂能够促进纳米TiO₂光催化性能的原因可能是：海泡石的酸性位参与催化反应的中间过程，增加催化活性；海泡石含有的金属阳离子如Fe³⁺、Mg²⁺、Mn²⁺在样品制备搅拌和分散过程中，缀饰在纳米TiO₂的表面缺陷上，对电子的争夺减少了TiO₂表面光生电子e^-和光生空穴h⁺的复合几率，从而提高其量子效率。用甲基橙退色率实验证实了光催化效果的提高。利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、BET等试验方法对海泡石、凹凸棒土、沸石、硅藻土等矿物材料的结构、形貌、孔结构进行了研究。研究了材料的吸放湿性能，并对其吸放湿机理进行探讨。材料的吸放湿性能与其比表面和孔径相关，其吸放湿是毛细管效应和材料的表面位共同作用的结果。利用矿物材料的吸附和调湿性能，纳米材料的光催化性能并与无机填料合理匹配，研发一种新型无机粉末涂料。试验结果表明，这种涂料不仅具有良好的施工性能和装饰性能，耐洗刷性能超过合成树脂乳液内墙涂料优等品的要求；涂层对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌的抑菌率均达到99.99％；对甲醛的去除率为98.25％；能够调节空气湿度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fibrin sepiolite and nano-TiO₂ were mixed together and separated, in order that nano-TiO₂ was dispersed and adsorbed by sepiolite fibrin. The performances of strong adsorption and big specific surface area of sepiolite were used to settle separation question of nano-materials and improve photocatalytic effect of nano-TiO₂. On above base, an environment-friendly inorganic powder coating for inner wall with the functions of adjusting humidity, killing bacteria and purifying indoor air has been manufactured.With the methods of XRD and SEM, the configuration and crystal phase were analyzed. With BET method, the specific surface area and pore diameter of sepiolite , nano-TiO₂ and their compound was measured. With SEM method, the composite material was analyzed and had found that nano-powders were separated around sepiolite fibre.With ESR method, the ability to produce hydroxyl radical of the compound was studied. It was found that the hydroxyl radical was produced not only under ultraviolet light （wavelength 355nm）, but also visible light （wavelength 532nm）, even without visible-ultraviolet light.For the above performance, there are two critical factors to explain it with sepiolite involvement. One is the acidity site which takes part in the photocatalytic reaction. The other is metal ions from sepiolite such as Fe³⁺ and Mn²⁺, which can be settled on the defects on the nano-TiO₂ surface and reduce the re-combination rate of e^- electron and h⁺ holl. So the ability of photocalysis is improved. And also, the capability was supported by the experiment of decomposing methyl orange in aqueous solution.A series of experiments and analysis have been conducted in the paper. Firstly, the morphology, structure and poral type were studied to mineral materials （sepiolite, diatomite, attapulgite, zeolite） with methods of XRD and SEM and BET. Secondly, the capability of humidity adsorption-desorption and the mechanism were also researched in this paper. Then, it also evaluated the relationship among ability, specific surface area and aperture. It comes out that the moisture capability is very related to capillary effect and surface potential.Based on above experiments and the results, a new inorganic powder coating was developed. Through testing, the product was proved to have good performances of construction and decoration. Moreover, its performance of resisting scrub meets the first class of the standard for synthetic resin emulsion coatings for interior wall. And also, the killing rate to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli reached 99.99% in 24 hours, its de-formaldehyde rate was 98.25%. To some extent, the coating can adjust air humidity.更多还原