【作者】 邵永社；

【导师】 陈映鹰； 祝小平；

【作者基本信息】 同济大学 ， 大地测量学与测量工程， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 成像雷达技术的发展从二十世纪五十年代开始，到六十年代就基本成熟。尽管如此，直到二十世纪末期，随着我国相关部门对雷达成像技术的深入研究，雷达成像技术才得以在我国迅速发展，并逐步在国民经济的许多领域得到应用。相对于传统的空间遥感方式，由于雷达成像具有全天时、全天候、高分辨率以及对地面和对植被有一定穿透能力等突出的优点，因此，雷达遥感开拓了全新的观测方式和应用领域，成为对地观测、变形监测、军事应用等领域最具潜力的新技术之一。 雷达遥感技术在军事领域比其它遥感手段具有明显的优越性，但是，由于雷达遥感的成像机理完全不同于其它遥感方式，其后期数据的处理具有很高的难度，因此，也极大地限制了这项新技术的推广应用。近年来，随着雷达图像空间分辨率的提高以及图像匹配技术的发展和应用，利用雷达图像实现飞行器的自主导航成为一项热点研究课题，而雷达图像斑点噪声的抑制、雷达图像匹配可靠性的提高以及飞行器的精确定位问题，成为利用雷达成像有效载荷实现飞行器自主导航和定位的瓶颈问题。本文旨在从雷达成像的特性出发，结合航天总公司“XXXX雷达景象末制导技术研究”项目的内容，系统地研究了飞行器的自主导航和定位问题，并对其中的关键技术问题提出了一些新的思想和方法。这些工作包括： (1)在研究雷达成像基本原理的基础上，系统地分析了雷达作用距离、雷达参数和目标特性之间的关系，特别是详细地讨论了雷达图像上典型目标的成像特性以及雷达图像光斑的统计特性，为更有效地研究雷达图像的匹配与定位问题奠定了基础。 (2)在分析了雷达图像多种滤波方法的基础上，重点研究了小波提升技术和利用马尔科夫模型描述小波系数的相关性问题，探讨了适用于雷达图像噪声滤波的小波函数选择和提升方法，提出了一种基于提升小波和隐马尔科夫模型相结合的雷达图像斑点噪声滤波方法，该方法对雷达图像斑点噪声的抑制取得了很好效果。 (3)在系统地研究了实孔径雷达图像匹配的基础上，为了减小实孔径雷达更多还原

【Abstract】 Imaging radar technique has been developed since 1950s. Even now, with researched by the relative departments, imaging radar technique was rapidly developed in our country until the late 20th century, and was applying to many fields of the national economy. Comparing to the traditional remote sensing modes, radar imaging possesses many outstanding merits including the capability to work in all-time and all weather, high spatial resolution and strong penetrability through the ground or vegetation etc. So radar remote sensing has been becoming one of the most potential technologies for topographic mapping, earth deformation monitoring and application in military affairs.Radar remote sensing technique presents prominent advantages comparing to the traditional remote sensing modes. However, because of the complete different imaging theory to other remote sensing modes, the corresponding data processing and analysis is much difficult, which prevents the technology from wide use. Recently, with the space resolution improved for radar imagery and scene matching technique developed, it has become a hot aspect researched to navigate the aerocraft itself using radar imagery. In order to navigate and locate the aerocraft, the critical techniques include decreasing the speckle noise, improving the dependability of the radar image matching and locating accurately the aerocraft. The paper summarizes the characteristics of radar imaging, and systemically researches the methods of the navigation and location of the aerocraft combining the project, ’Research on *** Radar Scene Terminal Guidance Technology’. In the research, some new ideas and methods about how to solve some idiographic questions are put forward. The works are as follows:(1) On the basis of the research of the radar imaging theory, the relation among the radar imaging distance, radar parameters and the characteristics of the ground objects is systemically analyzed. Specially, the imaging traits of the representative objects and the statistical characteristic of the speckle noise are discussed in detail,更多还原