【作者】 包永星；

【导师】 温浩； 张月明；

【作者基本信息】 新疆医科大学 ， 心血管， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 目的：恶性肿瘤是严重威胁人类健康的一组疾病。近年来恶性肿瘤的发病率逐年升高，在城市死亡率已占疾病总死亡率的首位。手术、放疗、化疗是治疗恶性肿瘤的常用的有效手段，它们的共同目的就在于攻击肿瘤病变，杀死癌细胞。然而这些手段往往在杀伤癌细胞的同时，也对人体的正常组织产生毒性，造成许多严重的副作用，比如骨髓抑制而出现白细胞下降、免疫功能下降而出现各种各样的感染、肿瘤的复发以及第二原发肿瘤的发生等，近年来，大量的临床研究工作表明，在肿瘤医治过程中，杀伤肿瘤细胞和减少副作用、保护机体的免疫功能具有同等重要的意义。生物反应调节剂和生物疗法就是适应这一发展趋势而提出的一种新颖的抗肿瘤的治疗方法。其治疗的思路是把“杀伤杀死癌细胞”和“调整人体的免疫功能”有机结合，从调动人体自身的抗癌能力出发，通过增强机体固有的抗癌机制，提高免疫监视而抑制、杀灭肿瘤细胞，达到根治肿瘤的目的。由于人体的免疫系统的细胞与体液因子的调节是处于一种微妙的调控之中的，当人体出现肿瘤后，就使这种微妙的调控失去平衡，从而使机体对外界的反应和应答能力明显地受到影响，而使用生物反应调节剂就在于使失去平衡的机体状态能恢复正常，从而达到类似中医所说的“扶正”一扶助人体正气，“祛邪”一对抗肿瘤的目的。目前认为，多糖是一类重要的生物反应调节剂，不少试验室正在从事中药多糖抗肿瘤的研究，更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: Malignant tumor is a series of diseases which seriously threatened to the human health; The incidence of the tumors increased dramatically in recent years and its mortality was the highest in all the diseases. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the most common and effective ways to treat malignancy tumors. They may kill cancer cell, mean while, they also produce toxicity to normal tissues, such as leucocytopenia due to marrow-suppression, various infections, which may result in immune dysfunction, recurrence of cancer and secondary tumor. Hence, it is important to eradicate tumor cell, and to reduce the side effects, especially to protect the immune function. Bio-modified agents and biological treatment, as a noval anti-tumor method which may embrace this tendency. Through combining "cancer cell eradication" with "immune function modification", the objective of radical cure of cancer can be achieved by enhance the immune function and immuno-surveillance to consolidate the inherence anti-tumor mechanism. There may be able regulation of human immune system to adjust the cytokine balance. Cancer can be deduced by imbalance of the accommodation of immune system, while the status can return to normal by administration of bio-modified agents. Polysaccharide can be considered as an important更多还原