【作者】 费宇红；

【导师】 崔广柏；

【作者基本信息】 河海大学 ， 水文学及水资源， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 京津以南河北平原是华北地区水资源问题最严重的区域，也是南水北调工程的主要受水区。50年来，在地表水拦蓄工程、河道整治、人工开采浅层和深层地下水、降水量减少等因素影响下，区内地下水位下降、地下水降落漏斗产生、河道和洼淀干涸、湿地萎缩、咸水入侵、地面沉降、水资源紧缺等水环境问题相继出现。本文通过研究近50年来地下水演变特征和机制，识别主导影响因素及对地下水演变的影响程度，探讨南水北调中线实施后修复与涵养区域地下水的模式和对策。 研究区地下水开采量占总供水量的77.2％，开采地下水为区内人口和粮食增加提供了保障。在浅层地下水和深层地下水开采量中农业开采量占83.35％和66.1％。地下水超采量25.4×10~8m~3／a，累计消耗浅层储存资源380.6×10~8m~3。目前，区内地下水降落漏斗彼此嵌套或复合，地下水流动方向由自然状态的自西向东，转变为由各地下水位漏斗的四周向其中心汇流，并以人工开采排泄为主。 50年来，降水量呈递减趋势，20世纪80、90年代平均降水量分别减少73.1mm和61.3mm，地下水资源减少23.8％。现状地下水开采量为105.45×10~8m~3，可利用资源量为80.08×10~8m~3／a。地下水开采和降水量与地下水降深的关联度为0.711和0.601。分析认为，地下水位下降是人类活动影响的结果，开采是主要影响因素，拦蓄出山地表径流次之。 山前平原调蓄区面积占81.8％，现状水位条件下可调蓄库容为192×10~8m~3。因此，以“修复”和“利用”为目的的“地下水涵养”是可行的。在“地下水利用约束准则；地下调蓄能力准则；多源水优化利用准则”的控制下，地下水涵养模式可分为：减采地下水——间接调蓄；雨洪资源利用——直接调蓄；南水北调客水资源利用——直接调蓄。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hebei Plain to the south of Beijing and Tianjin is considered as the region where the water resource problems are the worst in Huabei area, as well as the main area which is going to accept the water from south-to-north water transferring project. In the past 50 years, because of many events such as surface water retention projects, channel regulation works, artificial exploitation of shallow groundwater and deep groundwater and the decrease of precipitation etc, there gradually emerge many water resource environment problems: drop of regional water level, occurrence of depression cones, depletion of channels and lowlands, shrinking of swamps, seawater intrusion, land subsidence, serious water shortage and so on. In this paper, by studying the evolution characteristics and mechanism of groundwater, as well as by identifying the dominated factor and the extent of its influence on groundwater evolution, ways and measures of restoring and conserving the regional groundwater after the practice of the middle route of the South-to-north water transferring project are carefully discussed.Groundwater extraction of study area assumes 90 percent or so of total water supply, and this has been providing guarantee for increase of regional population and food supplies. Among shallow groundwater exploitation and deep groundwater mining, the agricultural extraction occupies 83.35 percent and 66.1 percent respectively. As a result, groundwater overdraft reaches 25.4×10~8m~3/a and the accumulated consumption of shallow storage resource arrives at 380.6×10~8m~3. At present, the regional depression cones are embedded and multiplied each other, consequently groundwater flow direction transforms from natural situation flowing from west to east to another condition that water flows from surroundings of each depression cone to its center. Meanwhile, the artificial mining makes up the main part of groundwater discharge.Precipitation of study area presents a decreasing trend on the whole, in 1980s and 1990s the average precipitation decreased by 73.1mm and 61.3mm respectively, and the groundwater resource reduced by 23.8 percent. Now the current groundwater extraction is about 105.45×10~8m~3, and the available resource reaches 80.08×10~8m~3/a. Moreover, the correlation degree between groundwater mining and groundwater drawdown and that between precipitation and groundwater drawdown is 0.711 and 0.601 separately. Conclusion from the analysis indicates that falling of groundwater level results from human activities, groundwater exploitation is the major influence factor and surface runoff retention from the mountain outlet takes the second place.The reservoir area of the plain, ahead of TaiHang Mountain, occupies 81.8 percent of the total reservoir areas, and its reservoir capacity reaches 192×10~8m~3 under the current water level condition. So it is feasible to make groundwater conservation aimed at recovery and utilization of groundwater. Under the control of the following three rules, which are groundwater utilization restriction, subsurface reservoir capacity and optimization use of multi-source water, patterns of groundwater conservation can be classified into three kinds: decrease of groundwater mining, use of storm flood and retention of foreign water from south-to-north water transferring project. Among these patterns, the first one belongs to indirect reservoir, instead the last two ones belongs to direct reservoir.更多还原