【作者】 卢福营；

【导师】 徐勇；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 政治学理论， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本文以县作为考察区域、村庄作为分析单位，把个私业主主政作为嵌入村庄治理的一个重要变量因素，运用实证研究和区域调查方法，研究农村社会分化背景下，个私业主主政村庄治理的政治影响，分析个私业主主政村庄治理的深层社会基础。在此基础上，从多个角度剖析个私业主主政村庄治理的创新价值，探究隐匿于个私业主主政村庄治理背后的理论意蕴。 文章以浙江省永康市(县级)为例，特别是古村、花村、龙村、芝村4个村庄的治理情状为重点样本，透视了1980年代以来中国农村社会发展和社会分化背景下，个私业主这一特殊群体崛起后参与和主政村庄治理的大致过程和基本情况。指出村民自治制度的构建与个私业主主政村庄治理存在着密切的关联。1980年代初国家建构的村民自治理想制度为个私业主参与和主政村庄治理提供了制度平台，而个私业主的参与和主政对村民自治形成了深刻的影响。 村庄领袖在村庄治理中扮演着特殊的角色，发挥着主导作用。实行村民自治后，村庄领袖的产生方式发生了根本性改变，民众认同成为了确定村庄领袖的最高标准。在民众认同的视野下，村庄领袖大致分为认同型领袖和过客型领袖两类。村庄领袖能否获得民众认同，受外在性社会因素和内在性个人因素的共同影响，其中内在性个人因素是具有决定性意义。内在性个人因素大致分为能力因素和品德因素，两者有机统一。因此，现阶段个私业主主政的村庄治理是一种“能贤治村”。如若从权威类型及其合法性基础看，则具体表现为“法理—魅力型”权威。 村庄公共权力组织体系是村庄治理的重要依托。实际运作中的村庄公共权力组织体系与国家制度安排中的理想村庄公共权力组织体系之间存在着一定的偏离，在现阶段的村庄治理实际运作中，个私业主在村庄公共权力组织体系居于主导地位。 农村社会成员分化势必对村庄公共权力结构造成影响。1980年代以来，农村社会成员在分化过程中形成了若干派系，各派系在村庄治理运作过程中展开激烈的竞争。在现阶段的派系竞争环境下，派系逐渐取代家庭成为农村社会关系的核心，形成了一种以派系为核心的社会关系新格局。村庄公共权力基于新的差序格局进行分配，促成了村庄公共权力的多元格局。同时，农村社会成员在分化过程中分离成若干权力阶层，各权力阶层在村庄治理运作中展开博弈。在阶层博弈的背景下，村庄公共权力结构具体表现为公共权力在各权力阶层之间的分配关系。根据各阶层的博弈关系，村庄公共权力结构形成为管理者控制型、权势精英主导型、群众自治型等类型。目前永康市个私业主主政村庄的公共权力结构，基本是管理者控制型和权势精英主导型。均由少数精英人士执掌村庄主要公共权力，属于精更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation concerns with the political influence of the village governance by the private entrepreneurs as well as its deep social basis, during which region and village are used as analyzing units, administration by the private entrepreneurs are embedded in the village governance as an important variable, empirical and region-investigating approaches are used. At the basis of this, from different perspectives the innovative values are explored, the inner theoretical innovations of the village governance by private entrepreneurs are included.With the example of Youngkang Municipal ( county-level municipal in Zhejiang Province), especially the village governance situations in Gu Cun, Hua Cun, Long Cun and zhi Cun as key samples, this dissertation analyzes both the processes and the outlines of the village governance by the private entrepreneurs in the context of China rural social development and social differentiation since 1980s. It points out the close ties between the construction of the villages’ self-government system and the village governance by the private entrepreneurs. In the early 1980s the ideal institutions constructed by our state provide the intuitional platforms for the private entrepreneurs to participate and dominate the village governance. On the other hand, their participation as well as their dominating roles has a deep impact on the village governance.The village leaders play special roles in the village governance as well as have an important part. After the enforcement of the villagers’ self-government, the creating-approach of the leaders has been changed greatly, among which the public identification becomes the highest standard. In the perspective of the public identification, the village leaders are divided into two groups: homogeneous leaders and by-pass leaders. Identified or not, the village leaders are influenced by both external factors and internal ones, among which internal individual factors have a crucial significance. As a whole, capability factors and virtues ones are included in the internal individual factors, which interact coherently. Therefore, at present the village governance by the private entrepreneurs is a kind of "capability-virtue village governance". Seen from its authority types and legitimacy basis, this governance belongs to "rational-legitimate-charismatic" authority.The organizational system of the village public power is the main support of village governance. As a matter of fact, its practice has much difference with the ideal organizational system of the village public power. In the present practical operation of the village governance, the private entrepreneurs play a key role in the organizational system of the village public power.更多还原