【作者】 宋春晖；

【导师】 李吉均；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 第四纪地质学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 青藏高原的形成是地球历史上最伟大的地质事件之一，它不仅是目前地球上正在进行陆陆碰撞最典型例子以及它的形成对整个亚洲大陆构造格局产生了巨大的影响，而且由于它的隆起使得中国及周边地区乃至全球的气候和环境发生了深刻的变革。所以，青藏高原的形成演化、隆升过程及其环境效应研究一直是国际地学研究的前沿课题。通过中外科学家近几十年的共同努力，青藏高原的研究已取得了许多重要进展，对全球构造和全球变化研究作出了重要贡献，提出了许多重要观点或假说。然而这些假说或观点争论十分激烈，其中最核心的问题是高原变形隆升的时间和过程还不清楚。 关于青藏高原隆起的时间、形式和隆升过程，国内外学者已从不同学科、不同的角度进行了研究，但至今观点分歧较大的原因除不同学者所用研究方法与证据的差异外，研究的广度、深度和精细度不够是十分重要的因素。例如个别岩体和断层仅是点状或线状地域，并且断层往往又具多期(或继承性)活动特点，他们难以代表高原的整体性质或具体的隆升序列。青藏高原内部的沉积盆山是在高原的挤压变形和隆起过程中形成，而盆地中充填的沉积物是盆地水系范围内造山带岩石经风化、剥蚀、搬运和沉积的产物，这些沉积物不仅连续记录着盆地在接受沉积物充填过程中周围造山带构造活动特征，而且还记录着沉积物在各种地质作用过程中气候和环境变化信息(Métivier et al，1997)。因此，根据盆—山耦合关系，通过对高原内外与造山带毗邻盆地的精细沉积盆地分析、构造和环境信息的提取，是最有希望恢复青藏高原隆升历史的一条重要途径(李吉均等，1998)。近年来根据与高原造山带毗邻的沉积盆地及其内部沉积记录的各种信息来反演山脉隆升历史已取得了许多重要进展，但是，前期研究都局限于单一“盆-山”关系探讨或缺乏精细年代研究，这些局部盆地记录捕获的构造事件是否能代表高原具普遍意义的构造隆升事件?是否存在未发现的重大高原构造隆升事件?构造隆升是否存在南北和东西方向的差异或递次增生过程?因此，迫切需要从更大范围进行高原不同部位隆升事件序列及其年代精细研究，合理建立具普遍意义的高原重大构造事件时间序列和高原北部构造活动规律，为检验或构成新的高原形成模式、深化和完善青藏高原隆升及其环境效应理论提供可靠的基础资料。 青藏高原北和东北缘发育一系列典型的盆-山组合体系，本文通过对其南北方向昆仑山垭口盆地、柴达木盆地、肃北盆地和酒泉盆地以及东西方向索尔库里地区、柴达木盆地或酒泉盆地、贵德盆地、临夏盆地和天水盆地各盆地形成、沉积序列和沉积-构造演化详细研究，主要获得的成果如下： 1、通过对青藏高原北和东北缘各盆地新生代地层沉积序列研究并对其进行了划分的基础上，在古生物化石宏观年代控制下，利用高密度磁性地层年代的测量，分别建立了各盆更多还原

【Abstract】 The Tibetan plateau, the youngest and most spectacular continent-continent collision belt, has long been known as the natural laboratory to study the continental dynamics and global change. Thus the study of its formation, tectonic uplift process and environmental effect are present-day important subject in international geological research. Recent decades, the study on the Tibetan Plateau has made great progresses, which not only contribute to deciphering of the mechanism of global tectonics and global change but also induce the occurrence of some significant hypotheses. However, the debates on these issues still exist, and the key problem is the lack of the constraints on the age and the process of its uplift.Even scholars have done a lot of work in variety of aspects, they can not approached to aconsensus with regard to the age, formation and tectonic uplift process of the Tibetan Plateau. Thiswould be resulted from the discrepancy in the methods used and the evidences obtained. Forinstance, the data from the individual magma intrusion exposed in an area or a fault extendinglocally and activated periodically can not used to interpret the sequence of uplift process of wholeTibetan Plateau. The basins and mountains in the adjacent region and interior of the TibetanPlateau were formed in the process of deformation and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Thesediments filled in the basins were the result of rock weathering, denudation, transportation anddeposition within drainage area. These sediments continuously recorded information of thetectonic evolution of orogenic belts, the climatic and environmental changes in the process ofbasin formation. Thus, according to the mountain - basin coupling hypothesis, the probableapproachable way to reconstruct the uplift history of the Tibetan Plateau should base on the highresolution analysis of sedimentary, tectonic evolution and environmental information of the basinin the interior and adjacent Tibetan Plateau. In recent years, the great progress has been made inreconstruction of the tectonic uplift events of the Tibetan Plateau by revealing the informationrecorded in the basin. However, the previous studies are often limited in discussion of relationshipof single basin and its adjacent mountain, or lack of accurate chronological data. Could thesetectonic events captured from a single basin be revealed the sequence of tectonic uplift through thewhole Tibetan Plateau? Dose there exist still important tectonic events that had been notdiscovered? Is the Tibetan Plateau obliquely stepwise rise and growth from south to north andfrom east to west? Therefore, it demand urgently that set the age sequence of the tectonic upliftevents and its deformation process in detail from the various parts of the Tibetan Plateau, to更多还原