三维地震观测系统最优化设计的方法研究

【作者】 冯凯；

【导师】 周熙襄；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 地球探测与信息技术， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本文主要围绕进一步提高复杂条件下野外地震采集数据的信噪比和分辨率，保证地震资料成像质量和降低三维地震勘探成本而开展三维观测系统优化设计的理论和方法研究。针对常规陆上三维地震采集观测系统参数的最优化设计，针对三维地震采集、处理、解释的一体化发展趋势，主要开展了如下几方面的研究工作：(1)首先对常规三维观测系统的设计准则、基本工作流程、类型与特征的归纳总结；(2)结合Taguchi的统计实验设计技术，研究了观测系统优化设计过程中所存在的最优化函数问题。(3)通过对实际资料的观测系统参数的退化性处理试验，研究了与观测系统设计有关的各种参数及其对处理解释的影响程度。(4)从函数优化的角度，研究了适应面元内炮检距均匀分布的观测系统优化设计方法和基于地球物理目标参数的偏差最小化的观测系统优化设计方法。本文的研究工作取得了如下几个方面的进展与成果：(1)详细归纳总结了常规10种三维观测系统的分类特征、适用条件及其优缺点，同时从宏观形态到微观的几何结构出发，把现今常用的三维观测系统类型从高到低划分成了四个级别。(2)分析总结了基于统计实验设计技术的三维地震采集优化设计的具体目标、约束条件以及模型空间与数据空间的物理关系。提出了三维观测系统优化设计中基于统计实验设计技术的五大方面的最优化设计问题。(3)通过已有的三维地震数据的“退化性”处理试验分析，提出了三维地震采集设计中最基本的5大类地球物理目标参数，以及在三维观测系统优化设计中3个起决定性作用的地球物理目标参数。(4)提出了在观测系统面元属性分析中，对炮检距均匀性定量刻画的炮检距变化率参数，建立了基于面元内炮检距均匀分布的三维观测系统优化设计的最优化目标函数。(5)针对观测系统设计中3个起决定性作用的论证参数(最大炮检距、覆盖次数、仪器有效道数)，建立了基于地球物理目标参数偏差最小化的观测系统设计的最优化目标函数，利用Excel电子表格中的数学规划菜单实现了常规陆上线束状三维观测系统的最优化设计方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 The purpose of this paper is to improving the wild seismic data S/N and resolution power which in the complex conditions, to ensure the seismic data imaging quality and reduce the cost of 3D seismic exploration. We develop 3D seismic geometry optimization design theory and methodology research. Aim at optimizing design of the conventional land 3D seismic acquisition parameters of the geometry, in 3D seismic acquisition, processing, interpretation of the integration trend, mainly for the following areas of research: (1) firstly observation of the conventional 3D design system guidelines, basic workflow, type and characteristics summarized; (2) integration of statistical experimental design techniques Taguchi, studied observation system optimization design process optimization function problems exist;(3) the experiment of practical information on the degradation of the observing system parameters, and study of the system design parameters and their impact on the degree of processing interpretation;(4) From the perspective of optimizing the function, studied the observing systems optimizing design methods that the offset will be evenly distributed and objectives based on geophysical parameters deviation of the smallest observation system optimization design methods.The study made the following progress and results: (1) sum up a detailed summary that conclude conventional 10 types of three-dimensional observation of the classification system, application conditions and their advantages and disadvantages, at the same time from the macro to dim-light patterns of geometry, we starting the current commonly used types of three-dimensional observation systems uniformly divided into four grades. (2) Based on statistical analysis summarizes the experimental design of three-dimensional seismic acquisition technologies designed to optimize specific objectives, conditions and restrictions of the model space and data space physics. Put forward the issues of five aspects of 3D design observing system optimization technology based on statistical experimental design. (3) Adoption of existing 3D seismic data "degenerative" processing test analysis, presented three-dimensional seismic data acquisition design of the five basic categories of geophysical parameters goals, and in three-dimensional geometry optimization designs three decisive geophysical target parameters. (4) Made in observing systems face Yuan attributes analysis, for the parameters of offset change rate that seized from quantitative descriptions of offset homogeneous, we established optimization objective function that on the basis of offset seized from being evenly distributed in the three-dimensional geometry optimization design. (5) Observing system design for three decisive proof parameters (maximum offset, covering number, instrumentation effective trace), bring forward the optimization objective function which based on the smallest geophysical parameters deviation of geometry design, use Excel spreadsheet, mathematical planning menu achieved optimizing design methods of conventional land wiring harness 3D geometry.更多还原