【作者】 施炜；

【导师】 王润生； 张岳桥； 马寅生；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 地图制图学与地理信息工程， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 鄂尔多斯高原东西两侧构造地貌独特,其东侧发育晋陕峡谷地貌,西侧则为六盘山高山地貌。晚新生代以来,本区主要受青藏高原快速向北扩展和高原物质向东构造挤出作用的影响,其新构造活动显著,山脉急剧隆升,河流强烈下切,塑造了现今独特的构造地貌。其地貌发育演化特征记录了不同板间动力系统的远程效应对该区的影响和作用,对其进行深入研究不仅有利于查明鄂尔多斯高原东西两侧构造地貌特征及其差异性和黄河形成演化历史,而且也可为研究青藏高原隆升提供地质学证据,对研究板块相互作用也有重要意义。本文运用遥感和数字高程模型技术,对鄂尔多斯高原东西两侧的构造地貌进行了深入研究,定量化地分析了研究区的地形地貌特征,探讨了其新构造指示意义及其成因与动力学背景。一方面,本文选取六盘山两侧广泛分布的晚新生代红粘土为切入点,这套红粘土地层不仅是我国北方晚新生代气候和环境变化的载体,而且其高程分布的变化特征也记录了高原地区新构造运动过程。运用遥感技术和数字高程模型技术,结合野外调查,首次对六盘山两侧红粘土空间分布特征进行定量化地分析。并结合已有的红粘土年代学资料及其沉积特征,指出晚新生代以来六盘山两侧存在多期差异性构造隆升事件,由于陇西地区隆升速率显著大于其以东的鄂尔多斯地区,最终使六盘山两侧的构造-地貌格局从原先东高西低转变为西高东低。另一方面,本文运用数字高程模型技术,以MapGIS和ArcGIS为平台,结合野外调查,对晋陕峡谷水系进行信息提取,获得了流域内相关的一些地形地貌参数。其特征分析表明流域内水系和亚流域盆地的发育均具有明显的东西分异特征。其主要原因是晚新生代以来晋陕峡谷东侧的吕梁山相对于鄂尔多斯高原发生多期强烈构造抬升和渭河盆地持续下沉共同作用的结果。在此基础上,本文分析了鄂尔多斯高原东西两侧构造地貌发育的差异性,探讨了其动力学特征。其差异性主要表现在构造地貌形态、构造地貌过程、新构造活动强度及其新构造应力场等方面,但由于其具有统一的动力学背景,因而在构造地貌过程中又具有一致性。指出本区构造地貌演化主要与晚新生代以来青藏高原快速生长和向东构造挤出作用及鄂尔多斯高原整体抬升密切相关,同时研究也表明遥感技术和数字高程模型技术的运用于新构造研究中,是实现构造地貌研究定量化的可行有效的方法之一。更多还原

【Abstract】 The unique tectonic landform including Shanxi-Shaanxi Gorge and Liupan Mountains developed respectively in the eastern and western flank of Ordos Plateau. Since the Late Cenozoic, because of the fast northward growth and episodic eastward extrusion of Tibetan Plateau, neotectonic movement in the study area is more intense, resulting in mountains uplifting rapidly, rivers incising strongly, and subsequently the present landforms forming. The landforms evolution in the eastern and western flank of Ordos Plateau documents united due to on n during Late Cenozoic. To do research on the tectonic landform in the two flanks of Ordos Plateau is benifical not only to reveal the morpho-tectonic characteristics in the area, but also to find its differentia and the development history of Huanghe Rvier, as well as provide geology to study Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and research on blocks interaction.Using the Remote Sensing and the Digital Elevation Model, and combined with field observation, this paper analyses detailedly tectonic landform in the eastern and western fanks of Ordos Plateau, and obtained lots of quantitative parameters of landform in the study area, and discusses its cause of formation, neotectonic implication and dynamics.On the one hand, using RS and DEM technique and combined with field observation,this paper have discussed the features of arc-shape tectonics landform of Liupan Mountains by the marker which is the Late Cenozoic red clay bed distributed wide spreadly in the northeastern region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The Late Cenozoic red clay bed, not only records Late Cenozoic climatic and environmental changes,but also provides indication for neotectonics of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This paper above all analyses quantitively elevation distribution characteristics of red clay bed in the both sides of Liupan Mountains. Then, combing with previous data and sedimentary features of red clay, the paper proposes several phases of strong differential uplifts occurred in the both sides of Liupan Mountains since the Middle Miocene when The red clay began to deposit in the western region of Liupan Mountains (the Longxi area),更多还原