【作者】 铁瑛；

【导师】 王成焘；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 机械设计与理论， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 人体骨骼肌肉个体间的差异性、多样性以及活体实验的局限性,使得关于人体生物特性的研究工作开展的十分困难。与此同时,随着医疗条件的改善,各种临床手术方法不断的涌现,如何有效的评价术后效果,成为当前相关领域生物医学研究者的重要研究工作。本文基于上海交通大学生命质量与机械工程研究所“中国力学虚拟人”重点项目以及三个与上海第九人民医院联合研究开发项目的支撑,在实现颌面“骨骼-肌肉”三维几何模型和力学模型的基础上,结合临床病例,将该模型应用于颌面外科手术领域,对不同颌面骨缺损的修复方法进行了手术仿真设计和生物力学评价。文中围绕研究在符合人体咀嚼周期生理状态的肌力与关节约束等边界条件下,人体颅骨的生物力学特性这一主题,构造了人体颅骨骨骼-肌肉的运动学仿真和有限元力学系统模型。采用NDI运动捕捉系统,获得仿真运动输入数据。利用颌面咀嚼三维运动学仿真和肌力优化算法验证,确定了有限元力学计算的边界条件。在咀嚼周期6个运动相下,对自然颅骨进行了有限元分析,并在该有限元力学系统模型基础上,对颌面骨缺损三种不同类型的修复方法(骨瓣移植修复、种植体修复和赝复体修复)进行了生物力学性能方面的分析和评价。本文的主要工作可以归纳为以下几点:1.基于CT和冷冻切片解剖图像数据的颅骨骨骼肌肉几何形态建模。为了更好的提取人体颅骨的轮廓线信息,采用图像分割和曲线逼近的方法,精确获取骨骼和肌肉轮廓信息(该轮廓线提取和建模方法已在SCI源期刊发表论文一篇),避免了轮廓信息的丢失,同时,缩短了建模时间。建立了根据解剖结构模块化的颅骨几何模型和10束肌肉几何模型。2.咀嚼运动中的运动力学仿真。采用肌力与肌小节长度和速度的关系方程,完成了咀嚼功能相关的10束肌肉的18束力学直线肌小节模型的构建问题。采用NDI运动捕捉系统测试获得仿真输入,构建下颌骨、颞下颌关节、18束肌肉和食物粒的运动学仿真系统模型。利用三维运动学仿真和基于咀嚼运动仿真的肌力优化算法确定了咀嚼周期状态下有限元计算的力学边界条件(肌力、关节力和牙合更多还原

【Abstract】 Due to the variability, diversity of human musculoskeletal system and limitation of experiment condition in vivo, it is very difficult to develop researches on human body mechanical characteristics. At the same time, with improvement of medical condition, different clinical surgical methods occur, how to evaluate postoperative effect of these methods, becomes to an important task for relative medical scholars.This paper is based on the key project“mechanical virtual human of China”supported by National Natural Science Foundation, and three projects cooperated with Ninth People’s Hospital. Firstly, the 3D geometrical model and mechanical model of skull system were built. Then, cooperated with clinical cases, it was applied into maxillofacial surgical fields, to study and evaluate the different repair methods bio-mechanically.In this paper, to research the biomechanical characteristics of human skull under the boundary conditions, the muscle force, bite force and joint force in the physiological status during masticatory period, a skull system are built. With the NDI motion capture system, motion data were obtained, inputted into the motion simulation. With 3D motion simulation and muscle force prediction algorithm, boundary conditions were defined. FEA of the natural maxillofacial bones under these boundary conditions at 6 phases during masticatory period, was calculated. Furthermore, under the same boundary conditions, three types of maxillofacial repair methods(bone graft, zygamic implant and prosthesis repair)were remodel and the stress states of which were also calculated.更多还原