【作者】 成云海；

【导师】 姜福兴；

【作者基本信息】 山东科技大学 ， 采矿工程， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本论文依托国家自然科学基金重大国际合作项目“煤矿覆岩破裂灾变的机理、监测与控制研究（50320120001）”，应用小尺度条件下高精度微地震定位技术，进行了动态监测和预测预报冲击地压研究。 （1）由“工程地质”结合“工程力学”进行分析，提供了适于具体矿井的动静态兼具的划定冲击地压发生可能性等级的综合判据，并在以后实践中进行验证； （2）基于岩层破裂场与采动高应力场关系，研究了微地震定位监测预测预报冲击地压的原理。利用微地震定位技术探测岩体破裂，尝试描述岩层空间运动，反演了应力场（时空）转移规律： ①指出微地震事件和干扰事件（机电设备干扰、人员活动等）的识别方法； ②根据岩体在三维空间的破裂定位，认为可以依据微震破裂事件的空间分布对关键层进行划分；开采六、四层煤均引起了主关键层砾岩的破裂，砾岩破裂位置的发展顺序在倾向上逐渐向实体煤扩展，在高度上先从下部开始；大约50％的矿震是由于关键层的破裂引起的，只有个别矿震导致了冲击显现，说明了矿震与冲击地压的区别。展示了冲击地压产生原因的多样性及复杂性； ③工作面三侧采空区老顶上方的岩层形成“C”型空间结构，微震事件分布在“C”型结构的外侧，构成岩体破裂区，在“C”型结构的内侧为高应力区。煤柱最小时的支承压力分布为：在靠近上顺槽的区域，老顶以上的厚硬岩层已经发生断裂，形成卸压带；靠近下顺槽的区域，老顶以上的厚硬岩层未断裂，形成了应力集中区； ④通过数据处理，确定了开采解放层下顺槽的应力解放角为71°，开采解放层的有效保护高度为60～100m，保护高度已经高出被解放层。 （3）利用FLAC^3D软件研究了大直径钻孔卸压的合理参数，确定了特定地质条件下钻孔直径d=300mm的卸压钻孔参数：孔间距2.5m，深度12m。 本研究中取得的一些重要研究成果，已写成学术论文并公开发表。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on project of national science fund for international significant cooperation " the mechanism of disaster rupture of overlying strata in mines" , the paper studied on the dynamic monitoring and predicting-forecasting coal bump with high precision microseismic location monitoring technology in small area. (1) According to connection between engineering geology and engineering mechanics, the paper got combined dynamic and static judgment criterion of dividing possibility gradation of coal bump to occur. The criterion will be tested in the future.Based on the connection between rock cracked field and mining high pressure field, the explanation of the principle of forecasting mining tremor using MS monitoring instrument was obtained. By using high precision MS locating technology in small area to monitoring rock fracture, the paper tried to describe strata spatial movement and refuted stress field (space-time) transportation law:(1) The paper found the distinguish about waveform characteristic between MS event and interference event, and obtained how to identity MS event.(2) According to the 3D rock cracking location, conclusions can be obtained as follows: Key stratum can be classified according to the special attribution of the microseismic cracking events. The cracking of the primary key stratum, conglomerate ruptured caused by the exploitation of NO. 4 and NO. 6 coal seams. The cracking sites of conglomerate expand to the entity coal in incline direction and the cracking occurred from the below part in vertical direction. The sites of mining tremor behavior are not always the sites of the shock focus. Statistics results of observation indicated that shock bumps are caused by part of rupture of conglomerate, and about 50 percent of mining tremors occurred by the reason of the cracking of key stratums,. Few of them induced to mining tremor behavior.更多还原